526 
F5& 


INDIANA 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


EDWIN  STANTONFICKES 

-  HIS  BOOK    --f^9 


II  D  I  AN  A: 


RELATION   TO    ITS 


$  ragrapjjt},  ItaMm,  Snstitutinra, 

COUNTY  TOPOGRAPHY,  ETC. 

WITH  A  "REFERENCE  INDEX"  TO 

COLTON'S  MAPS  OF  INDIANA. 


from  ©fRcfal  antr  otljer  ^utfjentfc  Sources. 


BY  RICHARD  S.  FISHER,  M.D., 


NEW  YORK: 
PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLTON, 

No.   86   CEDAR    STREET. 

1852. 


Entered,  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1852,  by 

J.  H.  COLTON, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


ADVERTISEMENT, 


THIS  little  book  has  been  prepared  to  accompany  COL- 
TON'S  MAPS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA,  and  to  illustrate 
the  geography,  statistics,  and  institutions  of  that  import- 
ant portion  of  the  American  Union.  The  descriptions, 
though  brief  and  concise,  embrace  nevertheless  a  great 
mass  of  information  useful  not  only  to  the  immigrant  set- 
tler, but  also  to  those  who,  from  long  residence  in  the 
state,  may  be  entitled  to  the  distinguished  title  of  "  citi- 
zen." The  descriptive  portions  of  the  work  have  been 
chiefly  compiled  from  the  publications  of  the  most  recent 
writers ;  but  a  large  mass  of  information  has  also  been 
derived  from  the  labors  and  inquiries  of  the  publisher's 
agents,  and  from  numerous  private  sources,  all  of  which 
has  been  incorporated.  The  statistical  matter  is  chiefly 
based  on  the  census  of  1850,  the  official  returns  of  the  sev- 
eral departments  of  the  federal  and  stale  governments ,  and 
from  the  reports  of  companies  incorporated  within  the 
state.  Every  available  source  of  Accurate  information, 
indeed,  has  been  consulted,  and  the  publisher  has  no  hesi- 
tation in  saying  that  there  is  no  other  work  on  the  same 
subject,  and  within  the  same  compass,  that  furnishes  so 
much  valuable  information  as  is  contained  herein. 

With  regard  to  the  maps  themselves,  most  persons  who 
will  be  likely  to  purchase  them  are  already  cognizant  of 
the  course  the  publisher  has  taken  to  make  them  accurate 
and  perfect.  His  agents  in  Indiana — intelligent  and  busi- 
ness-like men — have  been  engaged  for  about  three  years 
in  visiting  every  part  of  the  state,  observing  its  condition, 
and  noting  from  day  to  day  its  progress  ;  and  the  publisher 
has  here  to  acknowledge  with  gratitude  the  important 


998854 


Iv  ADVERTISEMENT. 

assistance  they  have  had  from  all  those  of  whom  they  have 
sought  information ;  and  he  at  the  same  time  would  tender 
for  himself  his  thanks  to  the  officers  of  the  several  rail- 
road and  other  incorporated  road  companies  who  have  so 
willingly  troubled  themselves  to  lay  down  the  true  lines 
of  their  several  roads  on  the  maps  that  have  been  sent 
them  for  that  purpose.  All  these  gentlemen  may  be  said 
to  be  the  authors  of  the  works,  for  without  their  aid  it 
would  have  been  impossible  to  have  compiled  them.  Their 
trouble  will  be  repaid  materially  by  the  possession  of 
more  accurate  maps  than  could  otherwise  have  been  made. 

The  maps  are  three  in  number,  varying  little  but  in  the 
scale  on  which  drawn,  and  the  amount  of  information  they 
severally  contain. 

The  largest  map  is  engraved  on  six  plates,  and  when 
mounted  is  66  inches  long,  and  48  inches  broad.  It  con- 
tains the  full  surveys  in  sections,  the  general  topography 
of  the  state,  the  internal  improvements,  and  all  the  in- 
formation usually  found  on  the  most  elaborate  maps. 

The  medium  sized  map  is  engraved  on  two  plates,  and 
measures  43  inches  long  and  32  inches  wide.  All  the 
features  of  the  large  map  are  found  in  this,  but  on  a  re- 
duced scale. 

The  small  map  is  engraved  on  one  sheet,  and  is  intended 
only  as  a  traveling  map,  but  contains,  nevertheless,  more 
than  the  usual  information  found  in  like  works. 

All  these  maps  are  engraved  in  the  best  style  of  art, 
and  are  colored  in  a  handsome  manner.  A  REFERENCE 
INDEX,  by  the  aid  of  which  any  place  on  the  maps  may  be 
readily  found,  is  appended  to  this  work. 

NEW  YORK,  April  15,  1852. 


CONTENTS. 


Situation,  Boundaries,  and  Superficies 7 

Face  of  the  Country 8 

Ohio  Valley 9 

White  River  Valley 9 

Wabash  Valley 9 

Rivers,  Lakes,  etc 10 

Geology,  etc 12 

Botany 19 

Zoology 20 

Public  Lands,  with  Diagrams,  etc 21 

Aborigines 25 

Present  Inhabitants,  Population  1850,  etc 27 

Productive  Industry 29 

Agriculture 29 

Manufactures 30 

Commerce 31 

Banks 32 

Canals 33 

Railroads 34 

Other  Roads . 36 

Government — the  Franchise,  Legislature,  Executive, 

Judiciary 37 

Finances — Expenditures  and  Resources,  Pub.  Debt,  etc.  39 

Public  Institutions 42: 

State  Prison 4S 

Education — Schools,  Colleges,  and  Universities,  etc...  43 

Ecclesiastical  Establishments 46 

History 48 

County  Seats — their  Distances  from  Indianapolis 50* 


vi 


CONTENTS. 


County  Topography                        -  f*l 

Page 

Page 

Page 

Adams  51 

Hendricks.  70 

Porter...    88 

Allen  51 

Henry  ....  70 

Posey  89 

Barthol'w  .  52 

Howard...  71 

Pulaski  ..    89 

Benton  53 

Huntington  71 

Putnam..    90 

Blackford  .  53 

Jackson...  72 

Randolph     90 

Boone  54 

Jasper  72 

Ripley...    91 

Brown  54 

Jay  73 

Rush  ....    91 

Carroll  55 

Jefferson  ..  73 

St.  Joseph    92 

Cass  55 

Jennings  ..  74 

Scott  93 

Clarke....  56 

Johnson...  74 

Shelby...    93 

Clay              57 

Knox  75 

Spencer  .  .    94 

Clinton  ...  57 

Kosciusko  .  76 

Starke...    94 

Crawford.  .  58 

La  Grange.  76 

Steuben..    94 

Daviess  ...  58 

Lake.       .    77 

Sullivan..    95 

Dearborn.  .  59 

La  Porte..  77 

Switz'land    95 

Decatur...  60 

Lawrence  .  78 

Tipp'canoe    96 

DeKalb...  60 

Madison...  79 

Tipton  ...    97 

Delaware..  61 

Marion  ...  79 

Union  97 

Dubois  61 

Marshall  ..  81 

Vanderb'g    98 

Elkhart...  62 

Martin  81 

Vermilion    99 

Fayette  ...  63 

Miami  ....  82 

Vigo  99 

Floyd  63 

Monroe  ...  83 

Wabash..  100 

Fountain..  64 

Montgom'y  83 

Warren  ..  100 

Franklin..  65 

Morgan  ...  84 

Warrick..  101 

Fulton  65 

Noble  85 

Washing'n  101 

Gibson  66 

Ohio  85 

Wayne...  102 

Grant  66 

Orange  85 

Wells  ....  103 

Greene  67 

Owen  86 

White....  103 

Hamilton..  [68 

Parke  86 

Whitley  .  .  104 

Hancock  ..  68 

Perry  87 

Harrison  ..  69 

Pike  87 

TRAVELING  ROUTES...                                    126 

INDIANA: 


ITS  GEOGRAPHY,  STATISTICS,  INSTITUTIONS, 

ETC.,    ETC.,    ETC. 


INDIANA*  lies  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram  between 
Ohio  and  Illinois,  and  extends  from  Michigan,  on  the 
north,  to  the  Ohio  river,  on  the  south.  Geographically, 
it  is  situated  between  the  latitudes  37°  51'  and  41*  -16' 
north,  and  between  the  longitudes  85Q  49'  30"  and  88*  2'  30W 
west  from  Greenwich,  or  8°  48'  and  11°  01'  from  Wash- 
ington. Its  extreme  length  from  north  to  south  is  276 
wiles,  and  its  greatest  width  176  miles ;  but  its  average 
length  is  only  about  242  miles,  and  its  average  breadth  not 
more  than  153  miles  ;  and  within  these  limits  the  area  of 
its  superfices  is  33,809  square  miles,  or  21,637,760  acres. 

*  The  definite  boundaries  of  the  state,  according  to  the  ordinance 
of  Congress,  dated  19th  April,  1816,  are  as  follows :  "  Bounded  on 
the  east  by  the  meridian  line  which  forms  the  western  boundary  of 
the  state  of  Ohio,  being  a  north  line  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami ; 
on  the  south  by  the  river  Ohio,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami 
to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Wabash  ;  on  the  west  by  a  line  drawn  along 
the  middle  of  the  Wabash  from  its  mouth  to  a  point  where  a  duo 
north  line,  drawn  from  the  town  of  Vincennes,  would  last  touch  the 
northwestern  shore  of  the  said  river,  and  from  thence  by  a  duo 
north  line  until  the  same  shall  intersect  an  east  and  west  line  drawn 
through  a  point  ten  miles  north  of  the  southern  extreme  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan ;  on  the  north  by  the  said  east  and  west  line,"  etc.,  to  beginning 


8  INDIANA. 

FACE  OF  THE  COUNTRY,  ETC. — The  general  features 
of  Indiana  are  those  which  pertain  to  all  countries  where 
mountain,  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  is  wanting  ;  for 
if  we  except  the  river-hills  and  the  accumulations  of  sand 
on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  no  portion  of  the 
country  has  any  continuous  or  definite  elevation  which 
even  a  florid  imagination  could  dignify  by  such  a  term, 
and  all  of  mountain  that  really  appears  is  a  few  isolated 
"knobs,"  which  serve  only  to  diversify  the  scenery. 
Nearly  two  thirds  of  the  state  is  level,  or  at  most  undu- 
lating, and  a  most  singular  feature  of  the  country  is  the 
absence  of  any  water-shed  or  dividing  ridge,  such  as  al- 
most every  geographical  region  presents,  from  which  the 
waters  flow  in  different  directions ;  still,  however,  the 
country  has  continuous  slopes  of  great  extent,  and  the 
difference  in  elevation  of  the  highest  land  and  the  Ohio 
river  at  the  Falls  is  nearly  600  feet,  and  a  considerable 
difference  is  observed  (about  70  feet)  between  the  levels 
on  the  Ohio,  at  the  Falls,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash, 
the  latter  being  the  lowest. 

The  river-hills,  of  which  previous  mention  lias  been 
made,  extend  at  various  distances  from,  and  parallel  to, 
the  courses  of  the  Ohio  and  other  streams,  and  inclose  what 
are  termed  the  bottom-lands,  which  are  chiefly  covered  with 
a  rich  alluvial  soil,  and  thickly  set  with  forests.  These  hills, 
along  the  Ohio  river,  are  generally  as  high  as  the  highest 
levels  of  the  interior,  often  of  a  rugged  and  broken  as- 
pect,  and  where  torn  through  by  the  tributaries  of  the 
Ohio,  present  much  imposing  scenery.  Behind  these  a 
table-land  spreads  out  and  forms  what  with  propriety  may 
be  termed  the  interior  of  the  country ;  and  now  every 
thing  is  changed.  Instead  of  the  bottoms,  with  their 
mighty  forests,  the  most  various  landscape  appears  ;  here 
are  extensive  groves  of  oak,  ash,  and  other  trees ;  there 


FACE    OF   THE    COUNTRY,    ETC.  9 

vast  prairies,  sea-like  in  their  dimensions,  and  with  un- 
troubled surface ;  here  the  land  undulates  or  rolls  as  if 
formed  into  billows  by  the  dalliance  of  soft  winds,  and  oc- 
casionally hills,  rising  from  100  to  300  feet  high,  remind 
us  of  a  tempest-tossed  sea,  when  the  waves  accumulate  in 
their  might.  There  is  such  a  marked  difference  between 
the  several  parts  of  the  country,  however,  that  no  general 
description  could  embrace  its  topography,  and  hence  it  is 
necessary  to  detail  its  principal  characteristics,  and  its  di- 
visions as  indicated  by  nature. 

1.  The  Ohio  Valley,  including  that  of  the  White  Water, 
contains  some  5,000  square  miles.     This  is  a  limestone  re- 
gion ;  it  was  originally  clothed  with  heavy  forests ;  and 
the  soil  in  the  bottoms,  hill  tops,  and  sides  is  very  rich. 
The  hills  are  abrupt  and  broken,  and  the  numerous  trib- 
utaries of  the  Ohio  river  break  through  them  in  every 
direction.     Many  of  these  streams  in  dry  weather  show 
only  the  marks  where  the  torrents  have  disappeared,  al- 
most as  soon  as  the  storms  which  occasioned  them.     Of 
this  division  of  the  state  about  two  thirds  is  good  farm- 
ing land,  and  the  residue  either  too  hilly  or  the  soil  too ' 
poor  for  profitable  culture.      The  poorest  part  is  in  the 
flats  at  the  heads  of  the  streams. 

2.  The  White  River  Valley  extends  from  the  Wabash 
centrally  through  the  state  to  the  Ohio  line,  and  covers 
about  9,000  square  miles  of  surface.  It  is  almost  uniformly 
level  and  heavily  timbered,  except  in  the  western  parts, 
where  there  are  some  prairies  and  barrens,  and  ranges 
of  low  rugged  hills.      The  whole  valley  is  destitute  of 
rock,  and  the  soils  are  of  the  richest  kind,  with  little  that 
is  unprofitable.     Most  of  the  streams  are  clear  and  never- 
failing,  and  water-power  is  generally  abundant, 

3.  The  Wabash  Valley  is  the  largest  division,  and  em- 
braces an  area  of  upward  of  12,000  square  miles.      It 


10  INDIANA. 

interlocks  with  the  valley  of  the  White  river,  and  the 
eastern  portion  resembles  it.  It  is  equally  fertile  but 
more  broken.  The  middle  part  of  the  valley  has  abundant 
water-power,  but  in  the  upper  and  lower  parts  it  is  less 
plentiful.  From  the  river-hills:  on  the  Ohio,  to  the  Wa- 
bash,  the  surface  is  an  inclined  plane,  and  it  is  not  a  little 
curious  to  find  streams,  the  head  waters  of  which  are  near 
the  borders  of  the  Ohio  Valley,  traversing  toward  the  Wa- 
bash,  a  river  so  much  farther  distant  from  their  sources. 

4.  The  north  part  of  the  state,  watered  by  the  St.  Jo- 
seph's and  the  Kankakee,  is  much  similar  in  its  general 
character  to  the  Wabash  country,  but  is,  perhaps,  more 
swampy,  and  near  the  lake  the  country  has  extensive 
sand  hills,  which  are  covered  only  with  stunted  and  shriv- 
eled pines  and  burr-oaks. 

RIVERS,  LAKES,  ETC. — Indiana  has  numerous  fine  riv- 
ers, but  for  navgable  purposes,  few  of  them  except  the 
Ohio,  Wabash,  White,  etc.,  are  at  all  eligible.  Most  of 
them,  however,  afford  valuable  water-power. 

The  Ohio,  the  final  reservoir  of  the  principal  water- 
courses of  the  state,  borders  the  whole  country  on  the 
south,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  to  that  of  the  Wa- 
bash, a  distance,  by  the  river's  course,  of  380  miles.  Be- 
tween these  two  points  few  streams  of  any  volume  empty 
into  it,  and  none  exceed  thirty  or  forty  yards  in  width  at 
their  mouths.  Laughery,  Indian  Kentucky,  Silver,  Indian, 
Blue,  Anderson,  Big  Pigeon,  Little  Pigeon,  etc.,  are  the 
principal.  The  White  Water  joins  the  Miami  six  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Ohio. 

The  Wabash,  which  rises  in  Ohio,  runs  first  north,  then 
northwest,  then  west,  then  southwest,  then  south,  and 
again  southwest,  making  the  whole  distance  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Ohio,  upward  of  600  miles,  of 'which  more 
than  one  half  is  navigable.  Its  principal  tributaries  are  : 


RIVERS,    LAKES,    ETC.  11 

from  the  south  and  east,  the  Salamonie,  Mississinewa, 
Wild  Cat,  Sugar  or  Rock,  Raccoon,  White,  and  Patoka 
rivers  ;  and  from  the  west  and  north,  Little  W abash,  and 
Embarras  rivers  in  Illinois,  Vermilion  in  both  states, 
and  in  Indiana  altogether,  Tippecanoe,  Eel,  and  Little 
rivers.  White  river,  the  most  important  of  these,  empties 
into  the  Wabash  100  miles  above  its  mouth ;  the  West 
Fork,  its  longest  branch,  rises  in  Randolph  county,  near 
the  Ohio  line,  and  runs  in  a  southwest  direction,  receiv- 
ing in  its  course  Eel  river,  Fall  creek,  etc. ;  and  the  East 
Fork,  the  principal  tributaries  of  which  are  Salt  creek, 
the  Muscatatuck,  Sand  creek,  Clifty,  Flat  Rock,  and  Su- 
gar creeks,  rises  in  Ripley  county,  and  has  a  western 
course  to  its  junction  with  the  West  Fork — the  two  form- 
ing White  river  proper — about  fifty  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Wabash. 

The  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Mary's  form  the  Maumee,  which 
passes  to  Ohio  and  Lake  Erie.  Another  St.  Joseph's  and 
its  tributaries,  the  Elkhart,  etc.,  pass  through  the  north- 
ern tier  of  counties,  and  ultimately  fall  into  Lake  Michi- 
gan. The  Kankakee,  the  principal  branch  of  the  Illinois 
river,  rises  near  South  Bend,  and  runs  sluggishly  through 
the  northwestern  counties  for  100  miles,  and  in  its  course 
receives  Yellow  river,  a  stream  about  50  miles  long ;  ex- 
tensive marshes  everywhere  bound  its  course.  Deep  and 
Calumic  rivers  lie  near  and  south  of  Lake  Michigan,  and 
in  some  places  are  only  separated  from  it  by  banks  of 
sand.  The  Iroquois  or  Pickamink  rises  south  of  the  Kan- 
kakee, and  runs  nearly  parallel  to  it  for  50  miles,  and  joins 
it  in  Illinois. 

Besides  Lake  Michigan,  on  the  northern  border,  there 
are  numerous  other,  but  small  lakes,  in  different  parts 
of  the  state,  principally  to  the  north  of  the  Wabash  river. 
Several  of  them  have  no  outlets ;  they  are  generally  clear, 


12  INDIANA. 

however,  and  have  sandy  shores  and  bottoms.  They  sel- 
dom exceed  a  few  acres  in  extent,  though  some  at  the 
head  of  Tippecanoe  river  and  Turkey  creek,  and  near  La 
Porte,  cover  several  hundred  acres.  Mexancukkee  lake, 
a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  in  Marshall  county,  is  three 
miles  long  and  half  as  broad ;  and  Beaver  lake,  six  miles 
long  and  three  miles  wide,  covers  10,000  acres.  All  these 
lakes  abound  in  fish,  and  form  in  the  surrounding  scene 
objects  which  attract  the  gaze  of  the  traveler. 

GEOLOGY,  ETC. — The  concluding  chapter  of  the  Report 
of  D.  D.  Owen  on  the  Geology  of  Indiana,  thus  sums  up 
the  results  of  his  reconnaissance  on  that  topic  : 

"Three  geological  formations  exist  in  Indiana.  1st,  a 
bituminous  coal  formation,  occupying  that  portion  of  the 
state  west  of  the  second  principal  meridian ;  2d,  a  lime- 
stone formation  (similar  to  the  mountain  limestone  of  Eu- 
ropean geologists),  prevailing  in  the  counties  east  of  that 
meridian ;  3d,  a  diluvium,  consisting  of  deposites  of  clay, 
sand,  gravel,  and  boulders ;  overlying,  and  in  many  places 
covering  up,  the  two  other  formations,  to  a  greater  or  less 
depth,  particularly  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state. 

"  Now,  as  in  this  country  no  perfect  seams  of  bitumin- 
ous coal  are  found  associated  with  calcareous  deposites, 
similar  to  those  of  Middle  and  Eastern  Indiana,  the  geol- 
ogist can  confidently  predict,  that  it  is  a  waste  of  time 
and  labor  to  search  for  coal  in  any  part  of  the  state  east 
of  this  second  meridian,  for  instance,  as  has  been  done  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  black  bituminous  aluminous  slate, 
stretching  north  in  a  narrow  band,  commencing  at  New 
Albany  in  Floyd  county,  and  extending  through  part  of 
Clarke,  Scott,  Jennings,  Bartholomew,  Decatur,and  prob- 
ably beneath  the  diluvium,  in  a  northerly  direction  to- 
ward Elkhart. 

"  If  we  were  to  speculate  from  geological  observations, 


GEOLOGY,    ETC.  13 

on  the  future  condition  of  Indiana,  we  should  say,  that 
the  western  counties  are  destined  to  become,  one  day,  the 
chief  manufacturing  counties ;  since,  with  a  few  excep- 
tions, all  large  manufacturing  towns  and  districts  are  sit- 
uated on  the  coal  formation. 

"  The  freestones  of  this  formation  being  soft  and  fissile, 
owing  to  the  existence  of  mica  disseminated  in  layers 
through  their  substance,  and  to  the  ferruginous  cement 
which  unites  their  particles,  being  liable  to  undergo  al- 
terations by  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  upon  it,  a  care- 
ful selection  by  the  builder  is  always  necessary.  In  sev- 
eral places,  particularly  toward  the  base  of  the  formation, 
or  nenr  its  eastern  boundary,  as  at  Attica,  Williamsport, 
on  Pine  creek,  and  near  the  French  Lick,  with  a  little 
care,  freestone,  white  and  fine  grained,  and  excellently 
suited  for  architectural  purposes,  may  be  readily  obtain- 
ed. In  character  and  geographical  position  it  resembles 
the  celebrated  Scotch  freestone,  of  which  the  new  town 
of  Edinburgh,  and  a  portion  of  the  town  of  Glasgow,  are 
built. 

"  At  New  Harmony  there  is  a  quarry  of  freestone, 
yielding  rock  that  has  stood  the  test  of  twenty  years ;  yet 
it  is  by  no  means  equal  to  the  strata  above  alluded  to,  in 
our  eastern  counties. 

"  A  freestone  of  a  very  fine  grain  and  white  color  is 
quarried  at  the  French  Lick,  west  of  Paoli.  It  is  manu- 
factured into  whetstones,  that  answer  admirably  for  put- 
ting a  fine  edge  on  tools,  and  for  polishing.  They  are  ex- 
ported to  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

"  Good  grindstones  are  also  manufactured  from  a  sim- 
ilar stratum  of  these  freestones,  of  a  coarser  grain. 

"  The  eastern  boundary  or  base  of  the  coal  formation 
is  the  most  likely  place  to  afford  salt  water ;  for  we  find 
the  most  productive  salt  wells  throughout  the  Western 
2 


]4  INDIANA. 

country  occupying  in  the  inferior  members  of  the  coal  for 
mation.  Thus,  should  symptoms  of  salt  water  make  their 
appearance  in  the  counties  of  Perry,  Spencer,  Dubois, 
Martin,  Daviess,  Greene,  Owen,  Clay,  Putnam,  Montgom- 
ery, or  Tippecanoe,  the  encouragement  to  make  a  search 
would  be  greater  than  if  found  elsewhere  in  the  state. 

"  Salt,  however,  is  not,  strictly  speaking,  constant  in 
its  geological  position.  In  Europe,  it  usually  occurs  in 
the  new  red  sandsone — a  formation  higher  and  of  more 
recent  origin  than  the  bituminous  coal  formation ;  while 
on  the  Holston,  a  tributary  of  the  Tennessee  river,  there 
is  a  fine  salt  deposit,  surrounded  by  gypsum  or  plaster 
of  Paris,  lying  on  the  grauwacke  formation. 

"  Two  or  three  salt  wells  have  been  sunk  in  the  knobs 
east  of  Bloomington,  through  the  silicious  beds  belonging 
to  the  sub-carboniferous  group.  The  salt  is  of  excellent 
quality ;  but  the  water  has  hitherto  proved  too  weak  to 
afford  a  fair  profit.  The  boring  after  salt  is,  in  truth,  at 
all  times  attended  with  considerable  uncertainty. 

"  Quantities  of  argillaceous  iron  ore — from  which  in 
Great  Britain  600,000  tons  of  iron  are  annually  obtained 
— occur  in  some  of  the  clay  slates  of  the  bituminous  coal 
formation  of  Indiana. 

"  Some  of  the  clay  slates  answer  well  for  fire-brick. 
That  now  excavated  near  Troy  is  to  be  manufactured  into 
fire-brick  for  sale — an  important  article  of  commerce,  in 
a  country  where  steam-engines  are  so  extensively  used, 
and  indispensable  where  furnace  operations  are  carried  on 
to  any  extent. 

"  Some  of  our  clays  in  the  coal  formation  answer  well 
for  the  manufacturing  of  stone-ware  and  gray  pottery- 
ware.  Such  wares  are  now  manufactured  from  them  at 
Troy. 

"  Since  I  first  called  the  attention  of  the  proprietors  to 


GEOLOGY,    ETC.  15 

the  deposite  of  the  hydrated  brown  oxide  of  iron,  near 
the  Falls  of  Eel  river,  examinations  have  been  made,  by 
digging  in  four  or  five  different  places :  ore  has  been 
struck  in  all  of  them ;  many  tons  have  been  thrown  up, 
and  the  prospects  are  so  encouraging,  that  the  proprietors 
of  the  Falls  are  now  endeavoring  to  form  a  company,  to 
erect  a  furnace,  and  commence,  on  an  extensive  scale, 
smelting  the  ore. 

"  Sandstone  being  the  predominating  rock  in  the  coal 
formation,  and  the  greatest  part  of  the  soil  of  those  west- 
ern counties  being  formed  from  its  disintegration,  we  find 
it  generally  of  a  sandy  character. 

"  The  dip  and  position  of  the  various  beds  belonging  to 
coal  measures  are  generally  constant,  unless  where,  from 
the  protrusions  of  basalt  or  greenstone,  those  volcanic 
disturbances  called  by  the  miners,  'faults'  '  troubles,' 
or  '  dykes,'  have  disturbed  the  regularity  of  position.  If, 
then,  the  general  dip  and  order  of  succession  of  the  strata 
can  be  ascertained,  and  these  should  appear  to  be  free 
from  faults  or  material  undulation,  a  pretty  correct  esti- 
mate might  be  formed  of  the  depth  of  the  various  seams 
of  coal  and  other  strata  in  different  parts  of  the  coal  fields 
of  Indiana. 

*'  Most  of  the  limestones  in  the  oolitic  series  —  that 
is,  those  occurring  in  the  counties  of  Crawford,  Orange, 
Lawrence,  Monroe,  Owen,  and  Putnam — make  good  build- 
ing materials.  The  enerinital  limestones  in  Harrison, 
Washington,  Jackson,  Bartholomew,  and  Morgan  counties, 
are  also  very  suitable  for  that  purpose ;  but  the  silicious 
strata,  or  sand  rocks,  in  these  counties,  are  generally  soft 
and  crumbling,  and  by  no  means  durable.  The  only  use 
that  the  black  bituminous  aluminous  slate,  occurring  in 
the  sub-carboniferous  group,  can  be  put  to,  is  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  alum.  The  sub-carboniferous  group  affords  a 


16  INDIANA. 

water-lime,  which  appears  to  be  a  compound  chiefly  of 
limestone  and  clay,  with  some  bituminous  matter.  It  is 
associated  with  the  black  bituminous  aluminous  slate 
above  mentioned.  Some  of  the  limestone  in  its  neighbor- 
hood— for  instance,  those  rocks  which  are  excavated  at 
the  top  of  the  hill  behind  Madison — contain  green  earth, 
and  some  are  impregnated  with  bitumen  and  sulphuret  of 
iron.  In  making  a  selection  of  building  materials  in  such 
strata,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  use  any  such,  unless 
their  durability  has  been  well  tested ;  for  they  are  gener- 
ally liable  to  decay. 

"  The  fosiliferous  limestones  of  East  Indiana,  namely, 
those  found  in  Jefferson,  Switzerland,  Dearborn,  Ripley, 
Franklin,  Fayette,  and  Union  counties,  are  durable  rocks, 
and  some  of  them  make  beautiful  marbles. 

"  The  sub-carboniferous  formation  of  Indiana  is  ident- 
ical with  the  formation  occurring  in  Middle  Tennessee,  in 
which  the  enormous  deposits  of  the  hydrated  brown  ox- 
ide of  iron,  constituting  so  much  of  the  mineral  wealth  of 
that  state,  are  found. 

"  The  deposits  of  this  kind  of  ore  in  Indiana,  however, 
although  found  in  the  same  formation,  are  not  associated 
with  exactly  the  same  strata.  In  Tennessee,  they  are  in 
the  silicious  strata,  just  above  the  enerinital  limestone  : 
those  at  present  discovered  in  Indiana  are  either  resting 
on  the  oolitic  series  of  limestone,  or  near  the  bituminous 
aluminous  slate. 

"  The  soil  in  Crawford,  Lawrence,  Orange,  Monroe, 
Owen,  and  Putnam  counties,  being  formed  chiefly  from  the 
oolitic  limestones,  has  a  calcareous  character,  and  is  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  the  growth  of  grasses. 

"  Clay  will  be  found  to  predominate  in  the  soil  of  the 
counties  of  Floyd,  Clark,  Scott,  Jennings,  and  parts  of 
Bartholomew,  Decatur,  Shelby,  Johnson,  Marion,  and 


GEOLOGY,    ETC.  17 

Hancock  ;  because  the  soil  of  these  counties  is  underlayed 
by  clay  slates.  Hence  we  find  the  beech-tree,  -which  de-. 
lights  in  a  clayey  soil,  there  growing  luxuriantly. 

"  The  soil  of  Jefferson,  Switzerland,  Dearborn,  Ripley, 
Franklin,  Fayette,  Union,  and  parts  of  Decatur  and  Rush, 
being  formed  upon  alternating  strata  of  clay  and  lime- 
stone, must  partake  chiefly  of  these  two  earths.  This  soil 
is  also  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  grasses. 

"  The  soil  of  the  northwestern  counties  appears  to  be  a 
siliceo-calcareous  sand,  resting  upon  a  clay  bottom.  This 
I  conceive  to  be  the  reason  why  it  is  so  much  more  pro- 
ductive than  its  external  appearance  promises.  These 
points,  however,  I  intend  more  fully  to  verify,  by  ana- 
lysis, so  soon  as  I  can  get  samples  of  all  the  various  soils. 
As  yet,  my  opinion  has  been  formed  chiefly  from  ocular 
observation,  and  reasoning  from  general  principles. 

' '  The  water  in  the  northwestern  counties  is  strongly 
impregnated  with  carbonic  acid.  This,  acting  as  a  solvent 
upon  limestone  and  the  protoxide  of  iron,  dissolves  them 
whenever  it  meets  them  in  its  passage  to  the  surface.  And 
thus  we  find  these  waters  often  highly  charged  with  these 
two  ingredients,  forming  calcareous  and  calybeate  springs. 
As  they  lose  very  soon,  by  exposure  to  the  air,  the  excess 
of  carbonic  acid,  which  acts  as  a  solvent  of  these  ingre- 
dients— and  as  iron  is  brought  also  by  the  same  exposure 
to  air,  to  a  higher  degree  of  oxidation,  and  therefore  to  a 
more  insoluble  form — these  two  causes  acting  together, 
soon  produce  deposits  of  calcareous  tufas  and  bog  iron 
ore,  so  frequently  found  in  that  country.  The  quantity 
of  bog  iron  ore  is,  therefore,  continually  on  the  increase. 

"  The  greater  part  of  Indiana  must  have  been,  at  some 
period  of  the  earth's  history,  covered  by  an  ocean ;  for 
most  of  the  fossils  in  the  limestones  are  of  a  marine 
origin, 


18  INDIANA. 

"  None  of  the  precious  metals  will  ever  be  found  in  In- 
.diana,  unless  in  minute  portions  in  boulders,  or  in  small 
quantities  in  combination  with  other  metals  ;  because  the 
primitive  and  grauwacke  formations,  in  which  alone  pro- 
ductive mines  of  gold  and  silver  ore  occur,  do  not  exist  in 
Indiana.  It  is  true  that,  in  some  rare  instances,  silver  is 
found  as  a  sulphuret  and  as  red  silver  ore,  in  such  forma- 
tions as  exist  in  the  Western  country  ;  but  I  have  seen  no 
symptoms  of  any  such  in  our  state.  The  same  may  be 
said  of  bismuth,  tin  ore,  and  native  arsenic.  The  only 
metals  which  we  need  look  for,  are  iron,  lead,  antimony, 
manganese,  zinc,  cobalt,  and  possibly  some  varieties  of 
copper  and  ai'senic  ores. 

"  It  is  not  likely  that  anthracite  coal  will  ever  be  found 
in  Indiana,  because  that  mineral  is  usually  found  in  the 
primitive  and  grauwacke  formations. 

"  Several  detatched  pieces  of  native  copper  have  been 
found  in  the  state,  one  weighing  five  pounds;  but,  from 
the  nature  of  the  ore,  its  occurring  in  washed  gravels, 
and  only  in  isolated  pieces,  I  have  reason  to  believe  that 
they  do  not  originate  in  the  state.  I  may  add  that  the 
Kupferschiefer  of  the  German  miners  yields,  at  the  mines 
of  Mansfield,  in  Thuringia,  an  abundant  supply  of  copper 
ore.  This  copper  slate,  as  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  new 
red  sandstone  formation,  which  overlies  the  bituminous 
coal  formation,  and  copper  ores,  have  been  found  in  the 
carboniferous  and  mountain  limestone ;  there  is,  therefore, 
a  possibility  of  discovering  workable  copper  ore  in  the 
formations  of  Indiana. 

"  The  fertility  of  the  soil  of  Indiana  is  universally  ad- 
mitted, yet  few  are  aware  that  it  arises  mainly  from  its 
geological  position.  It  is  well  known  to  geologists,  that 
that  soil  is  the  most  productive,  which  has  been  derived 
from  the  destruction  of  the  greatest  variety  of  different 


BOTANY.  19 

rocks ;  for  thus  only  is  produced  the  due  mixture  of 
gravel,  sand,  clay,  and  limestone,  necessary  to  form  a 
good  medium  for  the  retention  and  transmission  of  nutri- 
tive fluids,  be  they  liquid  or  aeriform,  to  the  roots  of 
plants.  Now,  Indiana  is  situated  near  the  middle  of  the 
Great  Valley  of  northwestern  America,  and  far  distant 
from  the  primitive  range  of  mountains ;  and  her  soil  is 
accordingly  formed  from  the  destruction  of  a  vast  variety 
of  rocks,  both  crystaline  and  sedimentary,  which  have 
been  minutely  divided  and  intimately  blended  together 
by  the  action  of  air  and  water.  It  has  all  the  elements, 
therefore,  of  extraordinary  fertility." 

BOTANY. — The  forests  of  Indiana  contain  all  the  trees 
natural  to  the  soil  and  climate  of  the  whole  central  region 
of  the  United  States ;  oaks  and  beech-trees,  however, 
preponderate ;  they  are  found  in  almost  every  portion  of 
the  state,  and  probably  count  two  thirds  of  the  whole 
number  of  its  forest  trees.  Next  in  order  are  the  sugar- 
tree,  hickory,  ash,  walnut,  poplar,  elm,  sycamore,  cherry, 
hackberry,  linden,  coffee-tree,  honey  locust,  and  white 
maple,  which  are  as  widely  diffused  as  the  oak  and  beech. 
The  black  locust  is  abundant  near  the  Ohio  river,  but  is 
not  found  in  the  interior ;  the  chestnut  is  only  found  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  upper  course  of  the  east  fork  of 
White  river ;  the  pine  is  only  found  on  the  ' '  knobs,"  near 
the  Ohio,  and  on  the  sand  hills  near  Lake  Michigan,  while 
the  tamarack  is  found  only  in  the  swamps  of  the  Kanka- 
kee.  The  cypress,  catalpa,  and  pecan,  are  chiefly  found 
in  the  counties  on  both  sides  of  the  White  river,  below  the 
junction  of  the  forks  ;  and  cotton  wood  is  rare,  except  on 
the  bottoms  of  the  southern  streams.  Of  the  smaller  trees 
and  undergrowths,  the  principal  are  the  dogwood,  paw- 
paw, spear,  plum,  and  thorn,  and  the  persimmon  and  crab 
apple.  Many  of  the  forest  trees  attain  magnificent  dimen- 


20  INDIANA. 

sions,  and  in  numerous  instances  the  oak,  sycamore,  wal- 
nut, and  poplar,  have  been  found,  measuring  from  five  to 
seven  feet  in  diameter,  and  more  than  120  and  130  feet  in 
height.  The  indigenous  fruit  trees  found  in  Indiana  com- 
prise the  wild  plum,  hawthorn,  persimmon,  pawpaw,  wild 
cherry,  mulberry,  crab  apple,  etc.  These  are  found  in- 
termingling with  forest  trees,  or  bordering  the  prairies 
and  barrens.  Cranberries  are  abundant  in  the  north,  and 
wild  grapes,  blackberries,  gooseberries,  and  strawberries, 
of  excellent  flavor,  grow  spontaneously,  and  give  assur- 
ance that  the  corresponding  domestic  fruits  can  be  culti- 
vated with  success.  Walnuts,  hickory  nuts,  and  hazel 
nuts,  are  unusually  abundant,  and  generally  oak  and 
beech  mast  is  found  in  such  quantities  as  to  contribute 
largely  both  to  feeding  and  fattening  hogs. 

ZOOLOGY. — The  buffalo  and  elk,  once  the  zoological 
monarchs  of  the  country,  have  disappeared  from  the  scene 
of  their  former  glories.  They  were  formerly  very  numer- 
ous, and  have  left  behind  them  ineffaceable  tracks  or 
paths.  The  bear,  panther,  wild  cat,  beaver,  and  others, 
are  now  but  seldom  met  with,  except  where  the  lands  have 
not  come  under  cultivation.  Wolves  are  still  numerous, 
and  still  more  numerous  are  the  deer,  oppossums,  rac- 
coons, squirrels, 'etc.  Besides  these,  the  fox,  porcupine, 
pole  cat,  ground  hog,  rabbit,  mink,  musk  rat,  weazel, 
mole,  mouse,  gopher,  etc.,  are  found  in  particular  locali- 
ties, but  not  usually  in  great  numbers.  The  rat,  not  an 
indigenous  animal,  is  becoming  a  denizen,  and  appears  to 
increase  in  number  in  ratio  with  the  population,  and 
spreads  to  the  new  settlements  along  with  the  pioneer. 
The  usual  domestic  animals  have  all  been  imported.  The 
birds  originally  belonging  to  this  country  are  the  wild 
turkey,  prairie  fowl,  partridge  or  quail,  pigeons,  geese, 
ducks,  cranes,  etc.,  all  which  are  frequently  seen  in  great 


PUBLIC  LANDS.  21 

numbers.  Pheasants,  paroquets,  woodpeckers,  f^d  birds, 
mocking  birds,  and  humming  birds,  and  indeed  most 
of  the  birds  of  the  Eastern  States  are  found  here, 
but  usually  are  not  numerous.  Of  the  carnivorous  spe- 
cies the  eagle,  buzzard,  hawk,  crow  or  raven,  owl,  etc., 
are  occasionally  seen.  Rattlesnakes  and  copperheads, 
formerly  numerous,  are  now  seldom  found,  having  been 
consumed  by  the  prairie  fires,  or  destroyed  by  hogs.  The 
varieties  of  fish  are  not  great ;  those  in  the  tributa- 
ries of  the  Ohio  are  the  pike,  perch,  sucker,  shovel  fish, 
garr,  buffalo,  etc.,  while  perch,  trout,  white  fish,  etc.,  are 
found  in  the  northern  lakes  and  small  streams  that  empty 
into  Lake  Michigan.  With  regard  to  insects,  all  that  need 
be  said  is,  that  no  state  in  the  same  latitude  is  better  sup- 
plied, and  that  in  many  parts  musquitos  are  not  scarce. 

PUBLIC  LANDS. — In  all  new  states  and  territories  the 
public  lands  are  surveyed  and  sold  under  a  uniform  sys- 
tem. In  the  surveys,  meridian  lines  are  first  established, 
running  due  north  and  south,  and  these  are  intersected  at 
right  angles,  running  east  and  west,  by  what  are  termed 
base  lines. 

The  FIRST  principal  meridian  is  a  line  running  due 
north  and  south  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  river,  and 
is,  in  fact,  the  east  line  of  Indiana  ;  and  the  SECOND  prin- 
cipal meridian  is  a  line  due  north  and  south  from  Little 
Blue  river,  85  miles  west  of  the  former.  Other  meridians 
are  established  further  west,  but  these  are  all  the  princi- 
pal meridians  referring  to  the  surveys  in  Indiana.  The 
only  base  line  running  through  the  state  crosses  it  east 
and  west  in  lat.  38°  30'  north,  leaving  the  Ohio  about  25 
miles  above  Louisville,  and  striking  the  Wabash  about 
four  miles  above  the  mouth  of  White  river. 

From  this  base  line  townships  of  six  miles  square,  Or 
containing  36  square  miles,  are  numbered  north  and  south, 


22 


and  from  the  second  principal  meridian  all  the  ranges  of 
townships  are  numbered  east  and  west,  except  those  in 
the  counties  of  Switzerland,  Ohio,  Dearborn,  and  parts  of 
Franklin,  Union,  Wayne,  and  Randolph.  The  part  of  the 
state  containing  these,  attached  to  the  Cincinnati  Land 
Office,  was  surveyed  in  townships  from  a  base  line  15  miles 
north  of  the  former,  and  in  ranges  west  of  the  first  princi- 
pal meridian. 

The  following  diagram  represents  townships  laid  off 
north  and  south  of  a  base  line,  and  ranges  laid  off  east  and 
west  of  a  meridian.  The  former  are  represented  on  the 
maps  in  Arabic  figures,  thus  :  1 , 2,  3,  4,  etc.,  and  the  latter 
in  roman  figures,  thus  :  I.,  II.,  III.,  IV.,  etc. 


= 

6 

~ 

:. 

2 

4 

t 

:i 

-. 

9 

VI. 

v. 

IV. 

in. 

ii. 

,. 

1 
I. 

II 

II!. 

IV. 

V. 

V! 

E 

EC 

-" 

*s 

1 

l.i 

B& 

ft, 

a 

= 

:; 

H 

4 

- 

5 

6 

Townships,  as  above  surveyed,  are  subdivided  into  36 
equal  parts  or  sections,  each  containing  one  square  mile, 
or  640  acres.  The  sections  are  again  subdivided  into  half 


PUBLIC    LANDS. 


sections  of  320  acres,  quarter  sections  of  160  acres,  eighth 
sections  of  80  acres,  and  sixteenth  sections  of  40  acres. 
Fractional  sections,  or  other  subdivisions,  are  such  as  are 
intersected  by  streams,  confirmed  claims  or  reservations, 
and  are  of  various  sizes. 

The  township  is  laid  off  into  sections,  commencing  at  the 
northeast  corner,  and  numbering  from  east  to  west,  and 
from  west  to  east  alternately,  as  in  Diagram  No.  1 ;  and 
the  method  of  subdividing  the  sections  into  halves,  quar- 
ters, eighths,  and  sixteenths,  is  shown  in  Diagram  No.  2. 


DIAGRAM  No.  1. 


DIAGRAM  No.  2. 


Half. 

Quarter. 

Eighth. 

Six-    '    Six- 
teenth.  teenth. 

The  sixteenth  section  of  all  public  lands,  marked  in  Dia- 
gram No.  1  thus  *  is  reserved  for  the  support  of  public 
schools.  Five  per  cent,  of  all  moneys  received  is  also  ex- 
pended for  the  benefit  of  the  state,  and  two  per  cent,  for  the 
construction  of  roads. 

In  the  state  of  Indiana  there  are  six  land  districts, 
with  an  office  attached  to  each,  open  for  the  sale  and  entry 
of  the  public  lands;  viz.,  the  Jeffersonville  district,  the 
Vincennes  district,  the  Indianapolis  district,  the  Craw- 
fordsville  district,  the  Fort  Wayne  District,  and  the  Wina- 
mac  district.  The  offices  above  referred  to  are  located  at 
the  towns  indicated  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  several 
districts,  and  have  each  a  register  and  receiver. 


24 


Lands  bought  of  the  government  are  excepted  from  tax- 
ation for  five  years  next  after  purchase.  All  other  lands 
owned  by  residents  and  non-residents  are  subject  to  taxa- 
tion for  state  and  county  purposes. 

The  following  exhibit  shows  the  condition  of  the  lands 
of  Indiana  on  the  1st  of  January,  1849  : 


Total  area  of  the  state  in  acres 21,637,760 

Quantity  surveyed  up  to  Jan.  1,  1849 21,487,760 

Quantity  proclaimed  for  sale 21,359,707 

Quantity  sold  up  to  date 15,477,629 

Quantity  otherwise  disposed  of,  namely  : 

Common  School  Reserves 650,317 

Donated  to  State  University 46,080 

"      for  Internal  Improvements 1,609,862 

"       to  Individuals , 843 

"       for  Seat  of  Government 2,560 

Military  Bounties  (war  1812) 69,777 

"        (Mexican  War) 189,540 

Saline  Reserves 24,435 

Indian  Reserves 126,221 

Private  Claims  confirmed 179,881 

Swamp  lands 981,682 

Lands  open  for  sale  and  entry 3,271,731 


The  number  of  acres  of  the  public  lands  sold  in  each 
fiscal  year  since  the  establishment  of  land  oflices  in  the 
state,  have  been  as  follows  : 


Tear. 

Acres.                    Tear. 

Acres.               Year. 

Acres. 

1807 

33,063.83 

1815 

155,985.52 

1823 

151,893.41 

1808 

47,867.51 

1816 

371,374.80 

1824 

157,24621 

1809 

31,242.89 

1817 

272,023,12 

1825 

157.102.lg 

1810 

35,711.79 

1818 

192,586,15 

1826 

197,195.16 

1811 

44,949.91 

1819 

56,461.09 

1827 

205,476.37 

1812 

35,876.26 

1820 

165,482.02 

1828 

245,073.60 

1813 

55,050.98 

1821 

266,340.52 

1829 

339,744.83 

1814 

137,135.96 

1822 

252,573.64 

1830 

465,576.69 

ABORIGINES. 


Year.              Acres. 
1831        537,237.64 
1832        531,858.68 
1833        534,484.44 
1834        650,665.81 
1835     1,547,500.21* 
1836     3.016,960,77* 
1837      1,131,327.84* 
To  which  total  must  b 
of  land  sold  in  that 
district,  which  is  sit 
namely,  

1838      497,800.08 
1839       572,474.89 
1840       102,277.45 
1841        93,746.82 
1842        54,000.29 
1843        46,543.40 
1844        99,999.99 
e  added  the  quantity 
jart  of  the  Cincinnati 
uated  within  Indiana, 

Year. 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 

Total 

73,257.42 
108,528.65 
230,627.51 
396,043.89 

14,298,369.50 
1.179.259.50 

Total  quantity  sold 15,477,629.00 

Amount  received  for  lands  sold $21,316,100.00 

Amount  of  the  5  per  cent  fund 

"        "        2        "        "        


ABORIGINES.— The  Indians  found  in  this  state  by  Eu- 
ropeans were  evidently  not  entitled  to  be  considered  as  the 
aborigines.  The  true  aboriginal  inhabitants  were  the 
"  mound  builders,"  but  whence  they  came,  who  they  were, 
and  whither  they  went,  who  can  tell  ?  Their  existence  is 
only  evidenced  by  the  remains  of  their  earthworks  and 
other  relics,  which,  however,  are  numerous  throughout  the 
state.  The  Indians  who  held  the  lands  at  a  later  period 
were  chiefly  of  the  Miami  and  Pottowottame  family,  but 
were  divided  and  subdivided  into  numerous  tribes,  bear- 
ing distinct  names.  The  Pottowottame  families  resided 
chiefly  in  the  northern  section,  and  the  Miamis  in  the  mid- 
dle and  southern  parts.  It  is  not  our  purpose  to  enter 
into  a  history  of  these  people.  It  suffices  to  say  that  they 
have  been  displaced,  and  that  their  lands  have  fallen  into 
other  hands.  On  the  subject  of  the  antiquities  referable 
to  the  original  occupants,  the  erudite  author  of  the  Indi- 
ana Gazetteer  thus  descants : 

*  Chiefly  purchased  by  speculators. 
3 


26  INDIANA. 

"  Mounds,  similar  to  those  in  Ohio  and  other  Western 
states,  are  found  in  considerable  numbers  in  this  state ; 
but  there  are  none  that  have  attracted  much  attention, 
except  three  in  the  neighborhood  of  Vincennes.  These,  at 
a  distance,  resemble  immense  hay  stacks,  and  on  being  ap- 
proached, each  appears  to  cover  about  an  acre  of  ground, 
and  to  rise  gradually  to  a  point,  probably  from  eighty  to 
one  hundred  feet  high.  It  is  impossible  to  conceive,  at  the 
present  day,  for  what  object  these  immense  piles  were 
erected.  Their  situation  is  not  such  as  to  lead  us  to  sup- 
pose that  they  were  constructed  for  any  purpose  connected 
with  war  or  defense,  and  as  they  were  built  without  the 
aid  of  iron  tools,  it  would  not  be  surprising  if,  among  a 
sparse  population,  their  erection  required  the  labor  of 
many  years.  Human  bones  have  been  found  in  such  as 
have  been  opened,  and  in  some  of  them  are  strata  of  earth 
composing  the  mound,  which  differ  from  each  other  and 
from  the  earth  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  The  different 
layers  of  earth  were  about  a  foot  in  thickness,  and  between 
them  charcoal  and  ashes  were  found,  in  which  human 
bones  lay  in  a  horizontal  position.  From  these  facts  it 
has  been  conjectured,  that  when  the  monuments  were 
erected,  it  was  customary  to  burn  the  dead,  and  then 
cover  the  bones  with  earth,  and  that  probably  from  time 
to  time  this  process  was  repeated  until  the  mound  was 
finished.  Religious  ceremonies  and  superstitious  rites 
may  also  have  been  connected  with  these  works.  They 
are  most  frequent  in  the  vicinity  of  alluvial  bottoms,  and 
where  even  in  early  times  the  abundance  of  game,  and 
other  advantages,  would  accommodate  the  most  popula- 
tion. 

"  There  are  none  of  these  works  which  cannot  claim  a 
great  antiquity,  for  the  trees  on  them  differ  in  no  respect  as 
regards  age,  from  those  in  the  venerable  forests  around. 


PRESENT    INHABITANTS.  27 

While  these  memorials  of  an  age  long  past  are  so  distinct, 
the  large  establishment  of  the  Jesuits  at  Ouiatenon,  and 
the  various  military  -works*  of  the  state,  formerly  so  im- 
portant for  defense  against  Indian  hostilities,  scarcely 
show  any  remains  of  what  they  once  were. 

"  On  the  bottom  of  Big  Flat  Rock,  in  the  northwest 
corner  of  Decatur  county,  is  a  mound  about  eighty  feet  in 
diameter,  and  eight  feet  high,  originally  covered  with 
trees,  like  the  other  forests  around.  An  excavation  was 
made  into  it  a  few  years  since.  First,  there  was  a  mix- 
ture of  earth,  sand,  and  gravel  for  one  foot ;  then  dark 
earth,  charcoal,  lime,  and  burnt  pebbles  were  cemented 
together  so  as  to  be  penetrated  with  difficulty ;  then  a  bed 
of  loose  sand  and  gravel,  mixed  with  charcoal;  then  were 
found  the  bones  of  a  human  being,  in  a  reclining  position, 
with  a  flat  stone  over  the  breast  and  another  under  the 
scull.  Most  of  the  bones  were  nearly  decomposed,  but 
some  of  them,  and  a  part  of  the  teeth,  were  quite  sound. 
From  the  size  of  such  of  the  bones  of  the  skeleton  as  re- 
main, it  must  have  once  been  of  gigantic  size.  A  short 
distance  from  this  mound  is  a  much  smaller  one,  which 
contains  a  great  number  of  skeletons." 

PRESENT  INHABITANTS. — The  French  were  the  first 
Europeans  that  settled  within  the  limits  of  Indiana,  and 
their  first  permanent  settlement  was  at  Vincennes,  on  the 
Wabash.  At  this  period  the  country  was  included  in  that 
extensive  boundary  called  New  France,  which  was  ceded 
to  Great  Britain  in  1763.  This  cession  stayed  the  progress 
of  settlement,  and  it  was  not  before  the  commencement  of 
the  present  century  that  any  farther  accession  to  the  popu- 
lation was  made.  The  country,  however,  was  found  invit- 
ing, and  since  then  has  been  rapidly  thrown  open,  and  has 
been  as  rapidly  filled  up  by  people  from  all  lands.  Ire- 
land, Germany,  and  the  eastern  states  of  the  union,  have 


28  INDIANA. 

been  the  principal  contributors  to  the  state,  but  it  would 
at  the  same  time  be  more  difficult  to  mark  out  the  due 
proportions  of  each,  than  to  say  what  nationality  is  not 
represented  in  the  blood  of  the  Indiana  people.  The  popu- 
lation at  the  present  time  amounts  to  988,416,  and  is  thus 
classed  in  the  census  of  1850  : 

Classes.  Males.  Females.  Total. 

White  Persons 506,400 471,205 977,605 

Indians  (in  Cass  County).  8 15 23 

Colored 5,472 5,316 10,788 

Total 511,880 476,536 988,416 

And  in  order  to  exhibit  its  actual  and  relative  progress, 
the  following  abstract  of  each  census  from  1800  is  ap- 
pended : 


Date  of 

Census. 

\Vbite 
Persons. 

Colored 
Free. 

Persons. 
Slave." 

Total 

Popula. 

Decennial  : 

Increase. 
Per  100. 

1800 

4,577 

163 

135 

4,875 

— 

— 

1810 

23,890 

393 

237 

24,520 

19,645 

402.9 

1820 

145,758 

1,230 

190 

147,178 

122,658 

500.2 

1830 

339,399 

3,629 

3 

343,031 

195,853 

133.8 

1840 

678,698 

7,165 

3 

685,866 

342,835 

99.9 

1850 

977,628 

10,768 

— 

988,416 

302,550 

44.1 

The  distribution  of  the  population  to  the  several  counties 
is  given,  with  the  special  description  thereof. 

Kapid  increase  of  population  is  one  of  the  chief  indica- 
tions of  a  happy  state  of  society,  and  depends  solely  on  the 
absence  of  checks  caused  by  misgovernment  and  want  of 
employment.  In  a  new  country  like  Indiana,  where  free 
republican  institutions  exist  in  their  full  power,  and  where 
so  much  vacant  land  is  to  be  found,  these  drawbacks  must 
necessarily  exist  to  a  very  limited  extent,  and  hence  it  is 
that  we  find  an  increase  in  every  thing  pertaining  to  the 
general  prosperity  of  the  state,  and  a  special  ratio  of  in- 

*  Or  more  properly,  indentured  apprentices. 


PRODUCTIVE    INDUSTRY.  29 

crease  in  relation  to  population.  No  want  of  .the  means 
of  subsistence  is  known  to  the  industrious,  and  early  mar- 
riages, the  result  of  a  plentiful  abundance  and  easy  cir- 
cumstances, insure  a  regular  recuperation  of  numbers  in 
a  natural  way ;  and  the  same  causes  are  the  inducements 
to  immigration.  The  above  tables  tell  the  result  of  so 
auspicious  a  combination  of  circumstances,  and  from  them 
we  find  that  from  1840  to  1850  the  absolute  increase  of 
population  was  302,550,  and  its  relative  increase  44.11  per 
centum — an  increase  which,  if  sustained,  would  indicate  a 
duplication  of  the  population  about  every  twenty-two  and 
a  half  years.  The  following  statistics,  as  exhibited  in  the 
census  of  1850,  will  elucidate  the  condition  of  the  people 
at  that  period  in  regard  to  housing,  pauperism,  crime,  and 
the  infirmities  incident  to  all  communities.  The  number  of 
dwelling  houses  was  170,178,  and  the  number  of  families, 
171,564,  each  of  which  in  the  aggregate  containing  5.82 
persons ;  the  number  of  paupers  was  861,  or  about  0.87 
per  1,000  of  the  population;  the  number  of  convicts  was 
81,  or  about  0.08  per  1,000  of  the  population;  the  num- 
ber of  blind  persons  was  278 ;  of  deaf  and  dumb  persons, 
517  ;  of  insane  persons,  442  ;  and  of  idiots,  617  ;  the  num- 
ber of  marriages  in  1849-50  was  11,231,  and  the  number 
of  deaths,  12,728. 

PRODUCTIVE  INDUSTRY. — The  industry  of  the  people  is 
chiefly  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits  and  commerce. 
The  trades  and  manufactures,  although  these  have  made 
considerable  progress,  are  yet  engaged  in  to  a  compara- 
tively limited  extent.  Commerce  and  transportation  are 
in  a  most  prosperous  condition. 

Agriculture. — The  number  of  farms  under  cultivation 
in  1850  was  93,896,  and  the  quantity  of  land  improved  at 
that  date,  5,019,822  acres,  or  about  one  fourth  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  state.  The  value  of  these  farm  lands  was 


30  INDIANA. 

assessed  at  $128,325,552,  and  the  value  of  farming  utensils 
at  $6,748,722.  The  live  stock,  valued  in  the  aggregate  at 
$22,398,965,  consisted  of  310,475  horses,  7,068  mules  and 
asses,  280,052  milch  cows,  37,108  working  oxen,  385,969 
other  descriptions  of  horned  cattle,  1,068,413  sheep,  and 
2,314,909  swine.  The  products  from  animals  in  ihe  year 
1849-50  was— wool,  2,202,763  pounds  ;  butter,  12,748,186 
pounds,  and  cheese  666,986  pounds  ;  and  animals  slaugh- 
tered were  valued  at  $5,668,374.  The  quantity  of  honey 
and  beeswax  obtained  was  830,261  pounds,  and  of  silk  co- 
coons 1,591  pounds.  The  great  grain  crop  is  that  of  Indian 
corn,  which  in  1849-50  amounted  to  52,887,564  bushels. 
The  crop  of  wheat  amounted  to  5,625,474  bushels ;  that  of 
oats  to  5,269,645  bushels ;  and  the  crops  of  buckwheat, 
rye,  and  barley,  to  174,972,  80,948,  and  39,815  bushels 
respectively.  The  hay  crop  was  402,791  tons ;  that  of 
clover  seed  17,591  bushels,  and  of  other  grass  seed  35,803 
bushels;  that  of  peas  and  beans,  38,109  bushels;  that  of 
Irish  potatoes,  1,969,693  bushels,  and  of  sweet  potatoes, 
211,925  bushels.  The  value  of  garden  products  was 
$68,134,  and  of  the  products  of  the  orchard,  $339,000. 
Beside  those  above  enumerated,  there  was  produced, 
tobacco,  1,035,146  pounds;  wine,  13,004  gallons;  hops, 
124,685  pounds';  hemp,  1,569  tons;  flax,  559,508  pounds ; 
and  cotton,  2,000  pounds;  also,  maple  sugar,  2,921,638 
pounds,  and  maple  molasses,  181,518  gallons.  The  value 
of  home-made  goods  is  stated  at  $1,647,200. 

Manufactures.— -The  total  capital  invested  in  manufac- 
tures amounted  in  1850  to  $7,235,220,  which  was  distrib- 
uted to  4,326  establishments,  and  the  value  of  manufactured 
products  was  $19,199,681.  The  manufactures  of  Indiana 
center  in  no  one  locality,  but  are  distributed  more  or  less 
to  all  the  counties.  The  manufactures  of  iron,  cotton, 
and  wool,  employ  but  a  small  moiety  of  the  aggregate 


PRODUCTIVE    INDUSTRY. 


31 


capital.  The  chief  towns  in  which  any  large  factories  are 
established  are  Madison,  Jeffersonville,  and  Cannelton  on 
the  Ohio,  and  some  of  the  principal  towns  on  the  Wabash. 
The  manufacture  of  iron  is  mainly  confined  to  the  western 
portion  of  the  state.  In  1849-50  there  were  in  the  whole 
state  but  19  establishments  pursuing  this  branch,  the  sta- 
tistics of  which  are  as  follows  : 


Pig  Iro 


Cast  Iron. 
14 

$32i900 
$66,918 
143 
$3,600 
$149,430 


Wr't.  Iron. 
3 

$17,000 
$4,425 
24 

$594 
$11,760 


Total, 

19 

$171,900 
$95,743 
255 
$6,384 


Number  of  establishments,  2 

Capital  invested,  $72,000 

Value  of  raw  material,        $24,400 
Hands  employed,  88 

Monthly  wages  paid,  $2,290 

Value  of  Products,  $58,000 

The  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  employs  only  two  es- 
tablishments and  95  hands  ;  capital  invested,  $43,220  ; 
value  of  raw  material,  etc.  ,  $28,220,  and  value  of  products, 
$44,200  ;  and  the  woolen  manufactures  employ  33  houses 
and  226  hands;  capital  invested  $171,545;  value  of  raw 
material  and  fuel  used,  $120,486,  and  of  products,  $205,802. 
From  these  statistics  it  will  be  seen  that  the  great  manu- 
factures of  the  Union  bear  but  a  small  proportion  in  regard 
to  the  miscellaneous  manufactures  in  Indiana.  The  bal- 
ance of  the  capital,  after  deducting  these  from  the  aggre- 
gate invested,  is  employed  chiefly  in  milling,  tanneries, 
distilling,  and  other  manufactures  incident  to  an  agricul- 
tural country.  In  this  account  of  manufactures,  however, 
it  must  be  observed  that  none  are  taken  into  account,  the 
products  of  which  do  not  amount  to  $500  per  annum. 

Commerce.  —  The  staples  of  export  from  Indiana  consist 
chiefly  of  its  agricultural  products.  Flour  and  pork,  how- 
ever, may  be  considered  as  the  exportable  material,  the 
first  of  which  is  exported  chiefly  from  the  north,  and  the 
latter  from  the  south  outlets  ;  and  to  these  may  be  added 
horses,  cattle,  corn,  poultry,  the  products  of  the  dairy, 


32  INDIANA. 

and  other  agricultural  staples.  The  numerous  railroads, 
with  the  canals,  form  the  great  avenues  of  transportation, 
and  it  may  here  be  observed  that  scarcely  any  portion  of 
the  state  is  now  far  away  from  one  or  more  of  these.  Be- 
yond the  state  the  greatest  facilities  are  enjoyed  for  trans- 
port to  the  seaboard ;  the  Ohio  river  on  the  south  forms  a 
great  highway  to  the  west  and  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
east  to  Pittsburg,  and  the  line  of  railway  and  canal 
through  Pennsylvania  to  the  Atlantic.  The  northern 
lakes  in  like  manner  afford  a  direct  communication  with 
the  railroad  and  canal  systems  of  New  York  and  New 
England,  and  also  to  the  British  provinces.  The  great 
bulk  of  the  commercial  material,  however,  is  sent  to  New 
York  for  export  to  foreign  countries,  but  nevertheless  a 
considerable  moiety  of  the  whole  is  carried  farther  east  to 
New  England,  the  great  industrial  hive  of  the  Union, 
for  consumption ,  and  in  a  lesser  amount  to  New  Orleans. 
The  returns  for  these  exports  are  goods  of  every  descrip- 
tion. The  ports  on  the  Ohio  river  are  Lawrenceburg, 
Madison,  Jefferson,  New  Albany,  Fredonia,  Evansville, 
etc;  and  on  Lake  Erie,  in  Sandusky,  Cleveland,  etc.,  in 
Ohio,  which  are  reached  by  canal  and  railroad.  Michigan 
City,  on  Lake  Michigan,  is  the  sole  port  of  consequence  on 
the  northwest. 

Banks. — The  "  State  Bank  of  Indiana"  is  the  only  insti- 
tution of  the  kind  known  to  the  laws  of  the  state.  The 
principal  office  is  located  at  Indianapolis,  and  there  are 
branches  at  Redford,  Evansville,  Fort  Wayne,  Indianapo- 
lis, Lafayette,  Lawrenceburg,  Madison,  Michigan  City, 
New  Albany,  Richmond,  South  Bend,  Terre  Haute,  and 
Vincennes.  The  bank  does  not  issue  or  pay  notes,  except 
at  its  several  branches.  The  aggregate  condition  of  this 
institution  on  the  16th  November,  1850,  is  shown  in  the 
following  figures : 


33 


Liabilities. 
Capital  (State)  $1,006,604  27 
«      (individuals)    3,076,346  32 

Resources. 

Notes  discounted  ...$1,709,935  38 
Bills  of  exchange  .  .  .   2,414,951  06 

$2,082,950  59 
Surplus  funds  $750,678  17 
Profit  and  loss  97,258  59 
Divid.  unredeemed.  .        27,661  91 

$4,124,886  44 

Suspended  debt  $270,213  77 
Banking  houses,  etc.      175,610  22 
Other  real  estate  ....      188,623  32 

Suspended  int.,  etc.  .        34,600  66 

$634,447  31 

$910,199  33 

Due  to  banks  112,175  47 
Due  sinking  fund  .  .  .        43,467  83 
Due  school  fund  2,763  93 

Funds  in  E.  cities  .  .  .    $449,153  09 
Due  from  banks  148,86117 
Remittances,  etc  247,048  01 
Ind.  treas.  notes  108,485  00 

Branch  balances  6,168  75 

$943,547  27 

$164,575  98 
Due  depositors  $556,432  70 

Notes  of  other  banks   $224;842  00 
Gold  and  silver  1,197,880  58 

Notes  in  circulation  .$3,548,267  50 
Less  notes  on  hand         126  822  50 

•1,422,722  58 

$3,421,445  00 

Total  liabilities  .$7,135,603  60 

Total  resources.  $7,135,603  60 

CANALS. — The  W abash  and  Erie  canal  is  the  greatest 
work  of  internal  improvement  in  Indiana.  The  act  of 
Congress,  granting  lands  for  its  construction,  was  passed 
in  1827,  and  additional  grants  were  made  by  the  acts  of 
1841  and  1845.  The  canal  was  commenced  in  1832,  and 
completed  to  Lafayette  in  1841 ;  to  Covington  in  1846,  to 
Coal  Creek  in  1847,  to  Terre  Haute  in  1849,  and  to  Point 
Commerce  in  1851 ;  and  its  final  completion  to  Evansville, 
on  the  Ohio,  is  fixed  for  1853.  The  length  of  the  canal  in 
Indiana  is  375  miles,  and  in  Ohio  from  the  state  line  to 
Toledo,  on  Maumee  Bay,  84  miles ;  making,  on  the  whole, 
a  line  of  artificial  inland  navigation  equal  to  459  miles ; 
and  in  addition  to  this  the  navigable  channel  is  continued 
southward  to  Cincinnati,  181  miles,  through  the  Miami 
canal.  The  Whitewater  canal,  connecting  the  navigation 


34  INDIANA. 

of  the  Ohio  at  Lawrenceburg  with  Cambridge  City  and' 
the  towns  on  the  Great  National  road,  is  76  miles  long. 
Many  other  canals  were  included  in  the  original  design, 
and  some  were  commenced,  but  all  else  than  the  above 
have  been  abandoned.  The  expenses  attending  the  prose- 
cution of  these  great  works  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
present  public  debt. 

RAILROADS. — In  the  great  enterprise  of  the  age,  Indi- 
ana has  outstripped  all  its  western  competitors,  save  Ohio, 
which  alone  has  eclipsed  it  in  the  grandeur  of  its  system 
of  internal  improvements.  The  lines  of  this  state  com- 
pleted, progressing,  and  proposed,  the  latter  including 
only  those  that  will  be  built,  extend  in  length  upward  of 
1,600  miles,  of  which  640  miles,  more  or  less,  are  in  suc- 
cessful operation.  The  names  and  lengths  of  the  several 
roads  are  as  follows  : 

1.  The  Madison  and  Indianapolis  railroad,  extending 
between  the  two  places,  and  running  through  Wirt,  Lan- 
caster, Vernon,  Queensville,  Scipio,  Elizabethtown,  Co- 
lumbus,  Taylorsville,   Edinburg,   Franklin,   Greenwood, 
Southport,  etc. ,  has  a  length  of  86  miles.     Branches  con- 
necting with  this  line  diverge  from  Edinburg  to  Shelby- 
ville,  16  miles,  and  thence  to  Rushville,  20  miles,  and  to 
Knightstown,   27   miles ;    and    from    Franklin,   through 
Liberty  and  Morgantown,  to  Martinsville,  29  miles. 

2.  The  Jeffersonville  and  Columbus  railroad,  running 
through  Sellusburg,  Vienna,  Rockford,  Azalia,  etc.,  is 
66  miles  long,  uniting  with  the  Madison  and  Indianapolis 
railroad  at  Columbus,  whence  to  Indianapolis,  is  41  miles. 

3.  The  New  Albany  and  Salem  railroad,  now  open  to 
Gosport,  and  which  is  intended  to  be  continued  to  Craw- 
fordsville,  whence  to  Lafayette  the  line  is  already  com- 
pleted, and  from  the  latter  place  directly  to  Michigan 
City,  will  be  the  longest  line  in  the  state%    From  New 


RAILROADS.  35 

Albany  to  Salem  the  distance  is  35  miles,  and  thence  to 
Gosport,  by  way  of  Bedford  and  Bloomington,  it  is  44  miles, 
and  to  Crawfordsville  51  miles;  from  Crawfordsville  to 
Lafayette  the  distance  is  26  miles,  and  from  Lafayette  to 
Michigan  City  97  miles ;  in  all,  about  253  miles.  In  its 
course  it  will  intersect  the  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  rail- 
road, the  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  railroad,  the  Wa- 
bash  and  Erie  canal,  and  the  northern  lines  of  railroad 
running  round  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan,  all  of  which 
will  become  its  tributaries. 

4.  The  Lawrenceburg  and  Indianapolis  railroad  will 
pass  through  Greensburg,  St.  Omer,  and  Shelbyville,  a 
distance  of  91  miles. 

5.  The  Evansville  and  Illinois  railroad,  now  finished  to 
Princeton,  26  miles,  will  be  extended  to  Vincennes,  25 
miles  farther,  and  perhaps  to  Terre  Haute. 

6.  The  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  railroad,  taking 
almost  the  direction  of  the  National  road,  will  unite  the 
two  places,  distant  72  miles,  and  in  connection  with  the 
Indiana  Central  railroad,  form  an  east  and  west  line  from 
Ohio  to  Illinois. 

7.  The  Indiana  Central  railroad,  71  £  miles  long,  ex- 
tends from  Indianapolis  to  Richmond,  and  is  continued 
thence  four  miles  to  the  Ohio  line  by  the  Richmond  rail- 
road. 

8.  The  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  railroad  will  extend 
from  the  eastern  line  of  the  s&ite  to  Vincennes,  on  the 
Wabash,  about  160  miles,  and  be  continued  thence  through 
Illinois. 

9.  The  JVew  Castle  and  Richmond  railroad,  connecting 
the  two  places,  is  27  miles  long. 

10.  The  Indianapolis  and  Bellefontaine  railroad,  one 
of  the  most  important  in  the  state,  commences  at  Indian- 
apolis, where  it  connects  with  the  roads  diverging  there- 


from,  and  runs  thence  in  a  northeastern  direction  through 
Pendleton,  Andersontown,  and  Muncietown,  to  the  Ohio 
state  line,  a  distance  of  83  miles,  where  it  connects  with 
the  railroads  of  Ohio. 

11.  The  Lafayette  and  Indianapolis  railroad  passes  in 
an  almost  direct  line  between  the  two  places,  a  distance  of 
68  miles. 

12.  The  Peru  and  Indianapolis  railroad  is  73  miles 
long,  and  runs  in  a  north  and  south  direction,  through 
Noblesville,  Buena  Vista,  Kokomo,  Miami,  Leonda,  etc. 

13.  The  Northern  Indiana  railroad,  a  continuation  of 
the  Southern  Michigan  railroad,  extends  from  the  north- 
ern state  line,  about  five  miles  east  of  where  the  line  is 
cut  by  St.  Joseph's  river,  through  Bristol,  Elkhart,  South 
Bend,  New  Carlisle,  La  Porte,  and  thence  onward  to  the 
western  line  of  the  state,  and  beyond  it  to  Chicago  in  Illi- 
nois.    Its  length  is  135  miles,  and  it  has  branches  to  Go- 
shen  and  Michigan  City.     The  Michigan  Central  railroad 
is  also  being  carried  round  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan 
toward  Chicago. 

These  are  the  principal  lines,  but  there  are  others  ;  and 
many  whose  old  charters  have  laid  dormant  for  years  will 
now  be  brought  into  existence. 

OTHER  ROADS. — The  state  has  long  been  provided  with 
good  macadamized  roads  and  ordinary  county  roads, 
and  in  many  of  these  the  public  treasury  is  a  large  cred- 
itor. The  plank-road  system  has  been  introduced,  and 
already  from  and  between  the  more  considerable  cities 
and  towns  this  species  of  communication  has  become  very 
common.  But  it  is  unnecessary  in  this  place  to  enter  into 
the  details  of  them — the  map,  of  which  this  volume  is  an 
accompaniment,  will  more  readily  convey  to  the  inquirer 
information  respecting  them  than  the  most  labored  de- 
ecription  possibly  could  do. 


GOVERNMENT.  37 

GOVERNMENT. — The  government,  as  now  organized,  is 
based  on  the  constitution  which  went  into  operation  No- 
vember 1st,  1851.  This  instrument  of  the  fundamental 
law  of  the  state  secures  the  right  of  voting  at  elections  to 
every  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  resident  in  the  state  six  months  next  preced- 
ing, and  to  every  white  male  of  foreign  birth,  resident  in 
the  United  States  one  year,  and  in  the  state  six  months  next 
preceding,  who  shall  have  duly  declared  his  intention  to 
become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  No  negro  or  mu- 
latto can  vote  ;  and  all  persons  using  bribery,  threats,  or 
rewards,  to  procure  their  election,  shall  be  ineligible  to 
hold  office  during  the  term  for  which  they  may  have  been 
elected.  Duelists  and  public  defaulters  are  barred  from 
all  offices  of  profit  and  trust.  All  elections  by  the  people 
are  by  ballot,  and  all  elections  by  the  General  Assembly 
are  viva  voce.  The  second  Tuesday  in  October  is  the  day 
on  which  the  general  elections  are  held. 

The  legislative  powers  are  vested  in  a  General  Assem- 
bly, which  consists  of  a  Senate  of  not  more  than  fifty  mem- 
bers, and  House  of  Representatives  of  not  more  than  one 
hundred  members,  both  classes  being  elected  from  districts 
by  the  people  thereof,  the  senators  for  four  years,  and  the 
representatives  for  two  years ;  and  the  former  must  be  at 
least  twenty -five  years  old,  and  the  latter  at  least  twenty- 
one  years  old.  They  must  be  at  the  time  of  their  election 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  residents  of  the  state  for  the 
two  years  next  preceding  and  of  the  district  by  which 
chosen  for  one  year.  One  half  the  senate  and  all  the 
representatives  are  renewed  biennially.  The  General 
Assembly  convenes  at  Indianapolis  biennially  on  the  Thurs- 
day next  after  the  first  Monday  of  January,  and  it  is  ex- 
pressly provided  in  the  constitution  that  no  regular  session 
shall  continue  for  more  than  sixty-one,  and  no  special 
4 


session  for  more  than  forty  days.  The  lieutenant-governor 
is  ex-officio  president  of  the  senate;  the  representatives 
elect  their  own  speaker. 

The  executive  powers  of  the  state  are  vested  in  a 
governor,  who  is  chosen  by  a  plurality  of  the  popular 
votes,  for  four  years.  The  governor  must  be  at  least 
thirty  years  old,  and  have  been  a  citizen  and  resident  of 
the  United  States  and  of  the  state  for  the  five  years  next 
preceding  his  election.  Persons  holding  office  under  the 
state  or  United  States  are  ineligible  for  the  office  of  gov- 
ernor of  the  state.  The  gubernatorial  term  commences  on 
the  second  Monday  of  January.  In  case  of  the  removal 
or  death  of  the  governor,  the  lieutenant-governor  (elected 
at  the  same  time  and  under  the  same  circumstances  as  the 
governor)  would  succeed  to  the  office,  and  should  disability 
or  death  prevent  him  from  assuming  the  dignity,  then  it 
is  competent  for  the  General  Assembly  to  appoint  some 
other  person.  The  governor  has  the  power  to  grant  par- 
dons, etc.,  except  in  cases  of  treason  and  impeachment ; 
he  may  veto  an  act  of  the  legislature,  but,  if  afterward 
passed  by  a  majority  of  those  elected  to  both  houses,  it 
becomes  law  nevertheless.  The  governor  is  not  eligible 
for  re-election  until  the  expiration  of  four  years  from  the 
close  of  his  official  term. 

The  chJef  administrative  officers — namely,  the  secretary 
of  state,  the  auditor  of  the  public  accounts,  and  the 
treasurer  of  state,  are  chosen  by  the  people  for  two  years, 
and  no  persons  are  eligible  for  these  offices  for  more  than 
four  out  of  every  six  years. 

The  administrative  officers  of  the  counties  are  chosen 
by  the  voters  of  the  counties  respectively,  and  of  these 
the  most  important  are  the  county  auditor,  recorder, 
treasurer,  sheriff,  coroner,  and  surveyor,  also  the  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court ;  the  two  first  and  last  one  are  elected 


FINANCES.  39 

for  four  years,  and  are  not  eligible  for  office  for  more  than 
eight  in  every  twelve  years,  and  the  others  hold  office  for 
two  years,  but  no  one  is  eligible  to  the  office  of  treasurer 
or  sheriff  more  than  four  out  of  six  years.  All  county 
officers  must  be  inhabitants  of  the  places  from  which  they 
are  chosen  for  at  least  one  yefir  before  their  election,  and 
they  and  town  officers  must  reside  in  their  precincts. 

The  judiciary  consists  of  a  supreme  court,  circuit 
courts,  and  other  courts  of  inferior  jurisdiction.  The  SU- 
PREME COURT,  to  consist  of  not  less  than  three,  nor  more 
than  five  judges,  has  appellate  jurisdiction,  and  such  origi- 
nal jurisdiction  as  the  legislature  may  direct.  The 
judges  are  chosen  from  districts  by  the  people  at  large  for 
six  years,  and  the  clerk  of  the  court  is  chosen  for  four 
years.  The  CIRCUIT  COURTS  consist  of  one  judge  for  each 
circuit,  chosen  by  the  people  thereof  for  six  years,  and  a 
prosecuting  attorney,  elected  for  two  years.  Justices  of 
the  peace  are  chosen  for  four  years  by  the  people  in  the 
several  towns.  The  practice  of  law  in  all  the  courts  of  the 
state  is  open  to  all  voters  of  good  moral  character.  His 
opinions  on  matters  of  religion  does  not  render  a  witness 
incompetent  in  any  case;  and  in  all  criminal  cases  the 
juries  may  determine  the  law  and  the  facts. 

FINANCES.— The  official  report  of  the  auditor  of  public 
accounts,  made  on  the  31st  of  October,  1850,  gives  the 
following  statements  of  the  revenue  and  expenditures, 
debt  of  the  state,  etc. : 

Balance  in  the  treasury,  31st  Oct.,  1849. . .    $428,941 19 

Revenue  for  financial  year  ending  at  this 

date $1.432.442  78— $1,861,383  97 

Warrants  on  the  treasury  for  year  end- 
ing at  this  date $1,513,53404 

Balance  in  the  treasury  31st  Oct.,  1850.  ,  $347,849  93 

Principal   Sources  of  Income.—  Permanent  revenue, 


40  INDIANA. 

| 

$455,63002;  state  prison,  $11,14542;  common  school 
fund,  $55,863  00  ;  university  fund,  $9,477  04;  bank  tax, 
$1,98419;  saline  fund,  $4,99945;  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal,  by  trustees,  $857,149  61,  etc. 

Chief  Expenditures.— Legislature,  $31,01064;  execu- 
tive, $5,877  93  ;  judiciary,  $19,705  81 ;  public  printing, 
$11,522  49 ;  state  library,  $964  81 ;  state  prison,  $3,606  63 ; 
treasury  notes  cancelled,  $144, 575  00 ;  interest  on  treasury 
notes,  $59,420  78;  interest  on  public  debt,  $188,595  00; 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  by  trustees,  $824,987  85;  deaf 
and  dumb,  $27,97992;  blind,  $11,78109;  insane  hos- 
pital, $32,501  33  ;  university  fund,  $14,332  39  ;  saline 
fund,  $7,765  53 ;  bank  tax  fund,  $3,624  96,  etc. 

The  lands  assessed  for  taxes  in  1850  amounted  to 
17,025,109  acres,  valued  for  purposes  of  taxation  at 
$59,314,861,  and  the  improvements  were  valued  at 
$25,414,851;  town  lots  and  buildings  at  $16,140,540; 
corporation  stock  at  $286,516;  personal  property  at 
$36,276,797;  total  taxable  property,  $137,443,565.  The 
number  of  polls  assessed  in  1850  was  149,983.  There  is  a 
poll  tax  of  75  cents,  and  an  ad  valorem  tax  upon  property 
of  25  cents  on  the  $100  for  state  purposes.  The  state  tax 
levied  for  the  year  1850  amounted  to  $571,51274;  the 
county  tax  to  $453,809  24;  the  road  tax  to  147,50002; 
the  school  tax  to  $127,641  33 ;  other  taxes  to  $32,239  24  ; 
and  delinquent  taxes  to  $186,540  99 ;  total  taxes  for  1850 
$1,519,243  56. 

Public  Debt. — Prior  to  1847,  the  state  owed  on  her 
foreign  debt,  principal,  $11,048,000;  interest,  $3,326,640; 
total,  $14,374,640.  By  the  acts  of  the  legislature  of  19th 
January,  1846,  and  27th  January,  1847,  proposals  were 
made  to  the  holders  of  bonds  that  they  should  complete 
the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  and  take  the  state's  interest 
in  it  for  one  half  of  this  debt,  and  the  state  would  issue 


FINANCES.  41 

new  certificates  for  the  other  half,  upon  which  she  would 
pay  interest  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent,  per  annum  until 
January,  1853,  and  after  that  time  at  5  per  cent.,  and 
issue  certificates  for  one  half  of  the  arrears  of  interest, 
upon  which  she  would  pay  interest  at  the  rate  of  2£  per 
cent,  per  annum  after  January,  1853.  In  this  2£  per 
cent,  stock  is  also  included  1  per  cent,  per  annum  upon 
the  principal,  which  gives  the  holder  of  the  old  bond, 
when  surrendered,  5  per  cent,  per  annum  upon  the  new 
5  per  cent,  stock  from  the  dividend  day  next  preceding  his 
surrender  of  the  old  bonds. 

August  5,  1850,  there  had  been  surrendered  of  the  old 
bonds,  and  new  certificates  taken  under  this  proposition 
by  the  state,  of  principal,  $9,563,000,  leaving  then  out- 
standing of  her  old  bonds,  of  principal,  $1,485,000.  The 
state  has  issued  of  the  new  certificates  of  stock,  paying  4 
per  cent,  until  1853,  and  after  that  time  5  per  cent., 
$4,781,500;  of  2£  per  cent,  stock,  she  has  issued 
$1,736,727  50.  The  state  keeps  an  agency  in  the  city  of 
New  York  for  the  surrender  of  the  old  stock,  issuing  the 
new,  and  receiving  transfers  of  the  new. 

The  state  in  1839-40  authorized  the  issue  of  one  and  a 
half  millions  of  treasury  notes  to  pay  off  her  internal  im- 
provement liabilities.  These  notes  were  made  receivable 
for  all  state  dues,  and  have  been  annually  returning  into 
the  treasury,  and  are  now  nearly  all  withdrawn  from  cir- 
culation. The  state  also  issued  bonds  for  the  bank  capital, 
and  treasury  notes  to  pay  the  bank  a  debt  which  the  state 
owed  it.  But  these  treasury  notes  were  based  upon  a 
sinking  fund  belonging  to  the  state  and  held  by  the  bank. 
The  bank  attends  to  the  bonds  issued  for  its  capital,  and 
also  to  the  redemption  of  the  notes  based  upon  the  sinking 
fund.  The  means  held  by  the  bank  are  considered  ample 
for  these  purposes. 


42  INDIANA. 

The  liabilities  of  the  state  and  canal,  August  5,  1850, 
may  be  thus  stated : 

State  Debt. 

State's  half  principal  of  bonds  surrendered $4,781,500  00 

State's  half  interest  on  bonds  with  one  per  cent. 

of  principal,  with  half  of  coupons  added 1,736,727  50 

Total  foreign  debt 6,518,227  50 

Add  domestic  debt 257,295  00 


Total  foreign  and  domestic  debt $6,775,522  50 

State  Stock 

5  percent.  State  stock $4,781,500  00 

2|  per  cent.  St  ite  stock 1.736,727  50 

5  per  cent  preferred  Canal  stock 4,079,500  00 

5  per  cent,  deferred  Canal  stock 702,000  00 

2.1  per  cent  special  preferred  Canal  stock 1,216,250  00 

2£  per  cent,  special  deferred  Canal  stock 207,400  00 


Total  stocks  issued  to  August  5, 1850 12,723,377  58 

Deduct  for  2}  per  cent.  State  stocks  redeemed  .        20,000  00 

Total  outstanding,  August  5,  1850 812,703,377  50 

The  state  is  paying  interest  only  on  her  5  per  cent, 
state  stock,  at  the  rate  of  4  per  cent.  After  the  year  1853 
the  rate  of  interest  on  this  will  be  5  per  cent.  After  1853 
the  2£  per  cent,  state  stock  will  draw  interest  at  that  rate. 
The  remaining  stocks  are  thrown  upon  the  canal,  and  their 
redemption,  principal  and  interest,  depends  upon  the  re- 
ceipts from  the  canal,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the  act  above  referred  to. 

STATE  INSTITUTIONS. — At  Indianapolis  are  located,  1st. 
The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  at  which  all  the 
deaf  mutes  of  the  state,  between  ten  and  thirty  years  old, 
are  entitled  to  education  and  board,  without  charge  ;  2d. 
The  Institute  for  the  Blind,  also  free  to  all  blind  citizens 
not  over  twenty-one  years  old ;  and  3d.  The  Hospital  for 


STATE  PRISON EDUCATION.  43 

the  Insane,  open  for  the  reception  of  patients  from  other 
states,  but  free  only  to  those  of  the  state  of  Indiana. 
These  are  noble  institutions,  and  well  supported. 

STATE  PRISON. — The  state  prison  is  located  immediately 
below  the  city  of  Jeffersonville,  and  is  a  building  of  brick, 
the  walls  of  which  are  thirty  inches  thick ;  in  all,  enclosing 
an  area  of  four  acres.  The  number  of  convicts  in  the 
prison  on  the  3d  November,  1850,  was  142,  of  which  93 
had  been  admitted  during  the  year  ending  at  that  date. 
They  are  lodged  in  separate  cells  during  the  night,  and 
are  kept  at  hard  labor,  under  the  silent  system,  during 
the  day.  Of  the  convicts  above  named,  12  were  less  than 
20  years  old,  69  from  20  to  30,  34  from  30  to  40,  16  from 
40  to  50,  and  10  from  50  to  60  ;  and  8  were  committed  for 
life,  1  for  36  years,  and  67  for  terms  of  2  years  and  less. 
With  regard  to  degree  of  education,  it  was  found  that  35 
had  none  at  all,  25  could  read  only,  81  could  read  and 
write,  and  only  one  had  had  a  good  English  education ;  in 
regard  to  condition,  54  were  married,  13  were  widowers, 
and  75  were  single  persons  ;  in  regard  to  habits,  61  were 
intemperate,  25  were  moderate  drinkers,  and  56  temper- 
ate ;  in  regard  to  nativity,  23  were  natives  of  Indiana,  26 
of  foreign  countries,  and  the  remainder  of  other  states  of 
the  Union;  in  regard  of  color,  128  were  white  persons, 
and  14  colored  persons ;  and  in  regard  to  offense,  114  were 
committed  for  offenses  against  property,  and  28  for  offenses 
against  the  person.  The  number  of  prisoners  discharged 
during  the  last  year  was  83,  of  which  16  were  by  pardon, 
28  by  expiration  of  sentence,  3  by  escape,  1  by  order  of 
court,  and  35  by  death.  From  1824  to  1830  the  average 
number  of  prisoners  was  35  ;  from  1830  to  1840  it  was  62, 
and  from  1840  to  1850  it  was  133. 

EDUCATION. — The  old  constitution  (supplanted  in  1851) 
made  it  obligatory  on  the  legislature  to  "  pass  such  laws 


44  INDIANA. 

as  shall  be  calculated  to  encourage  intellectual,  scienti- 
fical,  and  agricultural  improvements,"  and  to  provide  by 
law  for  a  general  system  of  education,  etc.  These  injunc- 
tions of  constitutional  law  have  no  doubt  been  adminis- 
tered beneficially,  if  not  to  the  satisfaction  of  all ;  and  it 
may  truly  be  said  that  few  states  have  made  greater  pro- 
gress in  practical  education  than  has  the  state  of  In- 
diana. 

Common  Schools. — By  an  act  of  the  legislature,  19th 
January,  1849,  the  common  school  fund  was  constituted 
of  the  following  funds,  the  estimated  value  of  which  is  as 
annexed : 

Surplus  revenue  fund $694,216  91 

Saline  fund 20,039  64 

Banktax  fund 29,923  25 

Sixteenth  section  fund,  valued  at 1,146,035  28 


Total 01,890,215  08 

The  new  constitution,  which  also  changes  somewhat  the 
former  organization  of  the  public  schools,  added  to  this 
fund  the  moneys  to  be  derived  from  the  sale  of  the  old  county 
seminaries  (now  abolished),  and  the  moneys  and  property 
heretofore  held  for  such  seminaries ;  all  fines,  forfeitures, 
and  escheats  ;  and  lands  not  otherwise  specially  granted, 
including  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  swamp  lands 
granted  to  the  state  by  the  act  of  Congress,  September 
28th,  1850.  "  The  principal  of  this  fund  may  be  increased, 
but  shall  never  be  diminished,  and  its  income  shall  be  de- 
voted solely  to  the  support  of  common  schools."  The 
whole  system  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  elected  every  two  years  by  the 
people  at  large.  There  are  about  300,000  children  of  an 
age  proper  for  receiving  education  in  Indiana,  and  of  these 
about  two  thirds  attend  the  common  schools. 


EDUCATION.  45 

Colleges  and  Universities. — The  Indiana  University, 
at  Bloomington,  is  a  state  institution,  and  since  the 
organization  of  the  government,  has  received  the  support 
of  the  public  treasury.  It  is  open  to  persons  of  every  sect 
in  religion,  and  hence  it  must  steadily  advance  in  pros- 
perity and  usefulness.  In  1850,  exclusive  of  the  prepara- 
tory department,  it  had  5  professors  and  176  students; 
and  its  library  contained  4,200  volumes.  The  number  of 
its  alumni  was  200,  of  which  40  were  ministers.  Hano- 
ver College  is  located  at  Hanover,  a  pleasant  village  on 
the  Ohio  river  bluffs,  4  miles  below  Madison.  The  col- 
lege buildings  are  100  feet  long,  40  feet  wide,  and  two 
stories  high.  In  1850  it  had  9  professors,  100  students, 
and  in  its  library  4,600  volumes.  The  institution  belongs 
to  the  Presbyterian  church.  Wabash  College,  at  Craw- 
fordsville,  is  well  appointed,  and  in  1850  had'  6  professors, 
43  students,  and  a  library  of  6,000  volumes.  It  is  non- 
sectarian  in  its  character.  The  Indiana  Ashbury  Uni- 
versity is  under  Methodist  auspices,  and  has  been  well 
endowed  by  that  denomination.  In  1848  the  Central 
Medical  College  of  Indiana  was  made  a  department  of  the 
institution.  In  1850  there  were  in  the  literary  depart- 
ment 8  professors,  120  students,  and  a  library  of  4,000 
volumes.  Franklin  College,  in  Johnson  county,  formerly 
the  Indiana  Baptist  Manual  Labor  Institute,  is  also  a 
nourishing  institution,  and  there  are  several  others,  as 
St.  Gabriel's  College  at  Vincennes,  and  the  University  of 
Notre  Dame  du  Lac,  near  South  Bend,  Roman  Catholic 
institutions  ;  the  Friends'  Boarding- School,  etc.,  all  of 
which  stand  high  as  seats  of  learning. 

The  Roman  Catholics  have  a  flourishing  theological 
seminary  at  Vincennes ;  and  the  Indiana  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hanover,  and  the  New  Albany  Theological 
Seminary,  under  Presbyterian  direction,  enjoy  a  well- 


46  INDIANA. 

earned  reputation  for  usefulness.  The  library  of  the  lat- 
ter contains  some  3,000  volumes. 

Law  schools  are  attached  to  the  Indiana  State  Univer- 
sity, and  also  to  the  Indiana  Ashbury  University. 

There  are  two  medical  schools  in  the  state ;  one,  the 
Indiana  Central,  before  mentioned,  and  another,  the  Indi- 
ana Medical  College,  at  La  Porte.  In  1850  the  first  had 
7  professors  and  104  students,  and  the  latter  8  professors 
and  58  students. 

Most  of  these  colleges  have  philosophical,  chemical,  and 
scientific  apparatus,  museums,  and  other  facilities  for  il- 
lustration ;  and  although  they  do  not  claim  to  come  up  to 
the  older  institutions  established  in  the  Atlantic  states, 
yet  they  are  one  and  all  competent  to  supply  to  the  youth 
of  the  state  a  very  reputable  education,  and  fit  them  for 
the  occupations  in  which  their  after  life  is  destined  to  be 
occupied.  Time  is  wanted  to  perfect  them,  and  if  the 
spirit  of  progress  that  has  hitherto  distinguished  their 
career  be  maintained,  no  long  period  will  elapse  before 
the  educational  institutions  of  Indiana  will  equal  the  best 
appointed  in  the  Union ;  and  if  the  cynic  should  in  the 
interval  intrude  his  criticisms,  let  it  be  pointed  out  to  him 
that  scarcely  the  third  of  a  century  has  elapsed  since  the 
schoolmaster  first  crossed  the  borders  of  the  state  on  his 
noble  mission. 

ECCLESIASTICAL  ESTABLISHMENTS. — According  to  the 
census  of  1850  there  were  in  Indiana  1,892  churches  of  all 
sects,  and  the  value  of  church  property  was  set  down  at 
$1,499,713,  which  sum,  of  course,  does  not  include  the  prin- 
cipal from  which  the  salaries  of  the  clergy  are  produced. 
The  voluntary  system  of  contributing  according  to  one's 
means  and  inclination,  is,  in  fact,  the  only  source  from 
which  the  temporalities  of  that  class  of  the  population  are 
derived.  There  is  here  no  state  churchy  as  in  Europe,  nor 


ECCLESIASTICAL    ESTABLISHMENTS.  47 

are  there  churches  endowed,  as  in  some  of  the  old  cities, 
which  date  from  the  era  of  the  colonies,  and  hence  the 
minister  of  the  gospel  has  to  depend  on  his  own  talents  or 
integrity,  as  also  on  individual  liberality,  for  a  "  living." 

The  most  numerous  denomination  is  that  of  the  Method- 
ist church.  In  1850  it  had  two  Conferences — those  of  Indi- 
ana and  Northern  Indiana.  The  Indiana  Conference  had 
133  traveling,  4  superannuated,  and  290  local  preachers, 
and  35,481  church  members ;  and  connected  with  it  were 
340  Sabbath-schools,  having  3,154  teachers,  and  16,329 
scholars.  The  Northern  Indiana  Conference  had  122 
traveling,  12  superannuated,  and  269  local  preachers,  and 
28,324  church  members ;  and  connected  therewith  were  350 
Sabbath-schools,  with  2,974  teachers,  and  16,667  scholars. 

The  Baptists  rank  next  in  point  of  numbers.  In  1850 
the  Regular  Baptists  had  24  associations,  392  churches. 
191  ordained  ministers,  47  licensed  ministers,  and  18,311 
church  members.  During  the  year  last  past  they  had 
1,148  baptisms.  The  Anti-Mission  Baptists  had  7  associa- 
tions, 104  churches,  42  ordained  ministers,  8  licensed 
ministers,  and  3,870  members.  The  minor  Baptist  sects 
are  also  numerous. 

The  Presbyterians  (0.  S.)  have  2  synods.  The  Indiana 
synod  has  5  presbyteries,  64  ministers,  104  churches,  and 
5,288  members.  The  Northern  Indiana  synod  has  4 
presbyteries,  31  ministers,  55  churches,  and  1,927  mem- 
bers. 

The  Presbyterians  (N.  S.)  have  1  synod,  7  presbyteries, 
101  churches,  66  ministers,  and  4,400  members ;  and  there 
are  churches  belonging  to  the  Cumberland,  Associate, 
Associate  Reformed,  and  other  Presbyterian  sects. 

The  Congregationalists  have  9  parishes  and  8  ministers, 
and  the  Unitarian  Congregationalists  a  church  at  Can- 
nelton. 


48  INDIANA. 

The  Universalists  have  a  state  convention,  10  associa- 
tions, 60  societies,  18  meeting  houses,  and  32  preachers. 
They  support  a  high-school  at  Patriot,  two  periodicals  de- 
voted to  their  religious  views,  and  a  missionary  and  tract 
society. 

The  Society  of  Friends  and  the  Moravian  Brethren  have 
also  several  stations ;  the  former  are  pretty  numerous ; 
and  all  the  minor  sectaries  known  to  Christianity  have 
more  or  less  standing  room  in  the  state. 

With  regard  to  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church,  neither  can  be  said  to  be  numerous.  The 
Roman  Church  is  comprised  within  the  diocese  of  Vin- 
cennes,  and  in  1850  had  77  church  edifices,  38  priests  in 
the  ministry,  2  religious  communities  for  females,  a  liter- 
ary institution  for  young  men,  6  female  academies,  and  2 
orphan  asylums.  The  Catholic  population  is  from  45,000 
to  50,000.  The  Protestant  Episcopalians  are  supervised 
by  the  Bishop  of  Indiana,  the  see  of  whose  diocese  is  La- 
fayette. This  church  comprises  21  clergy,  269  families, 
549  communicants,  and  its  population  may  be  estimated  at 
3,400. 

HISTORY. — The  French  from  Canada  were  the  first  white 
men  that  invaded  the  wilderness  of  Indiana.  The  northern 
part  of  the  state,  as  at  present  bounded,  was  visited  by 
La  Salle  and  Father  Hennepin  in  1690,  and  soon  afterward 
mission  stations  and  trading  posts  were  established  on  the 
banks  of  the  W abash.  Little  is  known  of  the  history  of 
these,  but  it  is  on  record  that  the  river  here  named  was 
used  by  the  French  as  one  of  the  thoroughfares  between 
their  possessions  in  Canada  and  those  in  Louisiana.  The 
downfall  of  Quebec  sealed  also  the  fate  of  the  posts  on  the 
"W abash,  and  by  the  treaty  of  1763  the  whole  country  east 
of  the  Mississippi  was  ceded  to  England,  and  after  the 
struggle  of  the  Revolution  it  became  a  part  of  the  United 


GOVERNORS    OF    INDIANA.  49 

States  of  America.  The  first  settlers  (except  the  French 
on  the  Wabash)  were  from  Virginia,  and  located  them- 
selves at  Clarksville  in  1786.  At  this  period  Indiana 
formed  a  part  of  the  "  Territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio." 
Its  present  limits  were  denned  in  1809,  when  it  was  erected 
into  a  separate  territory,  and  in  1816  it  became  an  inde- 
pendent state  of  the  Union. 

GOVERNORS    OF   INDIANA. 

Territorial  Governors. 
Arthur  St.  Clair  (Governor  of  Territory  N.  W-  of  the  Ohio) 

William  H.  Harrison 1801 

Thomas  Posey 1812 

Governors  under  the  Constitution. 

Jonathan  Jennings, 1816 

Jonathan  Jennings,  (2d  term) 1819 

William  Hendricks 1822 

James  B.  Ray,  (acting) Feb.1825 

James  B.  Ray 1825 

James  B.  Ray,  (2d  term) 1828 

Noah  Noble 1831 

Noah  Noble,  (2d  term) 1834 

David  Wallace 1837 

Samuel  Bigger 1840 

James  Whitcomb 1843 

James  Whitcomb,  (2d  term) 1846 

Joseph  A.  Wright 1849 

5 


COUNTY   SEATS: 

THEIR    DISTANCES    FROM   INDIANAPOLIS. 


County  Seats. 

Counties. 

MUes. 

County  Seats.  I      Counties. 

Miles. 

Albion  

Noble  

125  NE 

Levenw'rth 

Crawford  .  . 

126  S 

Anderson.. 

Madison  .  .  . 

34  NE 

Liberty  

Union  

68E 

Angola  
Auburn  

Sleuben  
De  Kalb  .  .  . 

152  NE 
134  NE 

Logansport 
Madison  .  .  . 

Cass  

Jefferson  .  .  . 

70  N 
86  SE 

Bedford  ... 

Lawrence  .. 

75  SW 

Marion  

Grant  

68  NE 

Bloomfield. 

Greene  

80  SW 

Martinsville 

Morgan  .  .  . 

31  SW 

Bloomingtn 

Monroe  

518 

Monticello  - 

White  

82  NW 

Bluffton  ... 

Wells  

101  NE 

Mt.  Vernon. 

Posey  

198  SW 

Booneville  . 

Warrick  .  .  . 

170  SW 

Munciet'wn 

Delaware... 

58  NE 

Bowling  Gr. 

Clay  

60  SW 

Nashville  .  . 

Brown  

408 

Brookville  . 

Franklin.  .  . 

70  SE 

New  Albany 

Floyd  

868 

Brownsto'n 

Jackson  

70S 

Newcastle. 

Henry  

47  NE 

Centerville. 

Wayne  

64E 

New  Port  .  . 

Vermilion  .  . 

76  W 

Charleston. 

Clarke  

106  SE 

Nobles  ville. 

Hamilton  .  . 

21  NE 

Columbia  .  . 

Whitley  .... 

105  NE 

Oxford  .... 

Benton  

95  NW 

Columbus  . 

Bartholomew 

41  SE 

Paoli  

Orange  

988 

Connersv'le 

Fayette  

62  E 

Peru  

Miami  

68N 

Corydon 

Harrison.  .  . 

1208 

Petersburg. 

Pike  

118  SW 

Covington  . 

Fountain  .  . 

75  NW 

Plymouth.  . 

Marshall... 

114  N 

48  NW 

Portland 

Jay 

94  NE 

Crown  P'int 

Lake  .  .  . 

145  NW 

Princeton.. 

Gibson  

146  SW 

Danville  .  .  . 

Hendricks.  . 

20W 

Sensselaer  . 

Jasper  

106  NW 

Decatur 

Adams  

HONE 

Rising  Sun. 

Ohio  

96  SE 

Delphi  

Carroll  .... 

65NW 

[lochester.  . 

Fulton  

92  N 

Dover  Hill  - 

Martin  

106  SW 

Rockport  .  . 

Spencer  

139  SW 

Evansville  . 

Vanderburg 

180  SW 

Rockville  .  . 

Parke  

60  W 

Fort  Wayne 
Frankfort.  . 

Allen...... 
Clinton  

112  NE 

41  NW 

Rome  
Rushville  .  . 

Perry  
Rush  

1268 
42  SE 

Franklin  .  .  . 

Johnson  ... 

20  SE 

Salem  

Washington 

90S 

Goshen  

Elkhart  .... 

132  N 

Shelbyville. 

Shelby  

26  SE 

Greencastle 

Putnam  

40  SW 

South  Bend 

St.  Joseph  .  . 

141  N 

Greenfield  . 

Hancock  .  .  . 

20E 

Spencer  .  .  . 

Owen  

53  SW 

Greensburg 

Decatur  

55  SE 

Sullivan  ... 

Sullivan  .  .  . 

127  SW 

Hartford... 

Blackford  .  . 

75  NE 

Terre  Haute 

Vigo  

73  W 

Huntington 

Huntington 

100  NE 

Tipton  

Tipton  

42  N 

INDIANAPO- 

Valparaiso. 

Porter  

162  NW 

LIS  

Marion  

— 

Vernon  

Jennings  .  . 

668 

Jasper  

Dubois  

120  SW 

Versailles.. 

Ripley  

71  SE 

Knox  

Starke  

92  NW 

Vevay  

Switzerland. 

96  SE 

Kokomo  .  .  . 

Howard  .... 

51  N 

Vincennes  . 

Knox  

120  SW 

Lafayette  .  . 

Tippecanoe. 

63  NW 

Wabash  .  .  . 

Wabash  

92  NE 

La  Grange  . 

La  Grange. 

101  N 

Warsaw  .  .  . 

Kosciusko.. 

109  NE 

La  Porte... 

La  Porte  .  .  . 

148  NW 

Wasbingt'n 

Oaviess  .  

106  SW 

Lawrenceb. 

Dearborn  .  . 

97  SE 

Winchester 

Warren  

74  NW 

Lebanon  

Boone  

28  NW 

Williamsp't 

Randolph.. 

92  NE 

Lexington  . 

Scott  

85  SE      1 

Winnamac. 

yulaski  

98  NW 

COUNTY   TOPOGEAPHY. 


ADAMS  county,  organized  1836,  contains  336  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Allen,  east  by  the  Ohio 
state  line,  south  by  Jay,  and  west  by  Wells.  It  is  drained 
in  the  north  by  St.  Mary's  river,  and  in  the  south  by  the 
Wabash,  both  navigable  for  keel  and  flat  boats,  but  now 
obstructed  by  mill  dams.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
but  near  the  rivers  above  named  it  is  undulating.  About 
thirty  or  forty  sections  are  occupied  by  wet  prairie,  the 
source  of  numerous  creeks  and  river  bottoms ;  the  residue 
is  upland,  heavily  timbered.  The  soil  is  a  marly  clay, 
and  very  fertile.  Oak,  hickory,  buckeye,  ash,  beech,  elm, 
linden,  walnut,  sycamore,  poplar,  cottonwood,  etc.,  are  the 
prevailing  growths.  Wheat,  corn,  and  hay,  form  the  sta- 
ple agricultural  products,  and  horses,  cattle,  and  hogs  are 
raised  in  considerable  numbers  for  export.  In  1850  the 
county  contained  1,002  dwellings  and  families,  5,797  in- 
habitants, 574  farms,  and  11  productive  establishments. 
DJSCATUR,  on  the  west  side  of  St.  Mary's  river,  is  the 
county  seat. 

ALLEN  county,  organized  1824,  contains  672  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Noble  and  De  Kalb,  east  by 
the  Ohio  state  line,  south  by  Adams  and  Wells,  and  west 
by  Whitley  and  Huntington.  The  county  is  well  water- 
ed, and  has  numerous  fine  mill  streams.  Little  river  and 
Aboite  rise  in  the  west,  and,  uniting  near  the  county  line, 
fall  into  the  Wabash ;  and  the  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Mary's 


52  INDIANA. 

from  Ohio  unite  at  Fort  Wayne,  and  form  the  Maumee, 
which,  after  a  northeasterly  course,  falls  into  Lake  Erie. 
These  were  formerly  navigable  in  high  -water,  but  are  now 
used  only  for  mill  purposes.  Bee  creek,  in  the  southwest, 
Crooked  creek  in  the  east,  and  Cedar  creek  in  the  north, 
afford  also  considerable  power.  The  surface  is  level  and 
well  timbered ;  there  are,  however,  some  wet  prairies,  but 
these  may  be  easily  drained.  The  soils  are  excellent; 
near  the  streams  they  consist  chiefly  of  a  sandy  loam,  and 
in  the  interior  of  clay  intermixed  with  marl,  well  adapted 
for  cereal  agriculture.  In  the  northwest  are  numerous 
oak  openings  or  barrens.  The  timber  consists  of  oak, 
beech,  walnut,  buckeye,  maple,  ash,  hickory,  etc.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  3,097  dwellings,  3,109  families, 
16,919  inhabitants,  1,300  farms,  and  127  productive  estab- 
lishments. FORT  WAYNE  is  the  county  seat. 

BARTHOLOMEW  county,  organized  1821,  contains  405 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Johnson  *nd  Shel- 
by, east  by  Decatur  and  Jennings,  south  by  Jennings  and 
Jackson,  and  west  by  Brown.  The  principal  streams  are 
Driftwood,  or  the  east  fork  of  White  river,  Flat  Rock 
creek,  and  Clifty  creek,  the  bottom  lands  of  which  occupy 
one  fourth  part  of  the  county.  The  surface,  except  in  the 
west,  where  the  country  is  hilly  and  broken,  is  generally 
level  or  undulating,  and  the  growths  are  walnut,  blue  ash, 
sugar-maple,  etc.  In  the  bottoms  and  level  lands  the  soil 
is  a  rich  alluvion,  mixed  with  disintegrated  limestone  aad 
gravel.  The  more  hilly  parts  have  a  clay  soil,  and  there 
the  oak,  hickory,  beech,  etc.,  grow  luxuriantly.  The 
agricultural  capabilities  of  the  county  are  not  surpassed 
anywhere,  and,  with  the  exception  of  some  small  extent  of 
bog,  on  the  inner  margins  of  the  bottoms,  there  is  no  ir- 
reclaimable land  within  its  limits.  In  the  neighborhood 
of  White  river  and  its  tributaries  the  country  is  a  perfect 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  53 

paradise.  The  products  of  agriculture  exported  from 
Bartholomew  annually  exceed  in  value  half  a  million  dol- 
lars. In  1850  there  were  in  the  county  2,149  dwellings, 
2,160  families,  12,428  inhabitants,  1,249  farms,  and  49 
productive  establishments.  COLUMBUS,  on  the  east  bank 
of  the  Driftwood,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Flat  Rock 
creek,  is  the  county  seat. 

BENTON  county,  organized  1840,  contains  360  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jasper,  east  by  White  and 
Tippecanoe,  south  by  Warren,  and  west  by  the  Illinois 
state  line.  The  principal  streams  are  Big  and  Little  Pine 
creeks,  which,  after  uniting,  fall  into  theAVabash  ;  and  Su- 
gar creek,  which  flows  west  into  the  Illinois,  all  of  which 
have  good  motive-power.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating, three  fifths  of  the  whole  being  prairie,  and  the  resi- 
due timbered  land  and  barrens  nearly  in  equal  proportion. 
The  prairies  are  mostly  dry  and  exceedingly  rich.  The 
principal  growths  in  the  timber  region  are  oak,  walnut, 
ash,  sugar-tree,  hackberry,  pawpaw,  etc.  The  staples  of 
agriculture  are  corn,  wheat,  and  oats,  and  the  raising  of 
cattle  and  hogs  is  much  attended  to.  Mount  Nebo  and 
Mount  Gilbo  are  noted  mounds  in  the  north  part  of  the 
county.  In  1850  the  county  contained  180  dwellings  and 
families,  1,144  inhabitants,  and  149  farms.  OXFORD,  on 
the  Lafayette  and  Chicago  road,  20  miles  from  the  former 
place,  is  the  county  seat. 

BLACKFORD  county,  organized  1837,  contains  169 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Wells,  east  by  Jay, 
south  by  Delaware,  and  west  by  Grant.  The  surface  is 
generally  level,  but  in  some  parts  gently  undulating,  and 
the  soils  are  excellent  for  farming  purposes.  It  is  water- 
ed by  the  Salamonie  creek  and  Lick  creek,  the  former  a 
fine  mill  stream,  and  except  a  few  wet  prairies,  the  coun- 
try, in  its  natural  state,  was  heavily  timbered  with  oak, 


54  INDIANA. 

ash,  beech,  poplar,  sugar-tree,  -walnut,  hickory,  and  cher- 
ry. The  surplus  produce  of  the  lands  and  a  considerable 
number  of  horses,  cattle,  and  hogs  are  annually  exported. 
In  1850  the  county  contained  514  dwellings  and  families, 
2,860  inhabitants,  306  farms,  and  6  productive  establish- 
ments. HARTFORD,  on  Lick  creek,  a  branch  of  Missis- 
sinewa  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

BOONE  county,  organized  1830,  contains  408  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Clinton,  east  by  Hamilton, 
south  by  Marion  and  Hendricks,  and  west  by  Montgomery. 
The  prevailing  soil  is  a  black  loam,  several  feet  deep,  rest- 
ing on  a  stratum  of  clay,  and  in  some  places  of  sand  or 
coarse  gravel ;  it  is  very  fertile  and  productive.  No  part 
of  the  state  is  better  timbered,  and  only  a  small  portion 
is  open  prairie.  The  crops  are  very  large,  and  a  consider- 
able surplus  is  annually  exported.  Boone  county  is  sit- 
uated on  the  ridge  or  dividing  swamps  between  White 
river  and  the  Wabash,  and  contains  the  sources  of  Eagle 
creek,  White  Lick,  and  Walnut  Fork  of  Eel  river,  which 
empty  into  the  former,  and  of  Big  Racoon  and  Sugar 
creeks,  which  empty  into  the  latter.  None  of  the  streams 
within  the  county,  however,  are  of  much  importance  as 
mill  seats,  being  sluggish,  and  in  the  dry  season  of  in- 
sufficient volume.  Game  is  very  abundant,  and  in  former 
times  hunting  was  the  chief  employment  of  the  inhab- 
itants. In  1850  the  county  contained  1,914  dwellings, 
1,936  families,  11,631  inhabitants,  1,393  farms,  and  28 
productive  establishments.  LEBANON,  on  the  state  road 
from  Indianapolis  to  Lafayette,  is  the  county  seat. 

BROWN  county,  organized  1836,  contains  320  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Morgan  and  Johnson, 
east  by  Bartholomew,  south  by  Jackson,  and  west  by  Mon- 
roe. The  surface  generally  is  hilly,  but  about  one  third 
part  of  it  consists  of  fertile  valleys  and  rich  bottoms.  The 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  55 

timber  on  the  hills  is  white  and  chestnut  oak,  hickory, 
etc.,  and  in  the  bottoms  walnut,  poplar,  sugar,  hackberry, 
cherry,  buckeye,  elm,  etc.  Corn  and  hemp  grow  well  in 
the  bottoms ;  wheat,  oats,  and  grass  on  the  hills.  Salt 
creek,  the  principal  stream,  and  its  tributaries,  and  Bear 
Blossom  creek,  carry  off  the  surplus  waters.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  790  dwellings,  805  families,  4,846  in- 
habitants, 585  farms,  and  5  productive  establishments 
NASHVILLE  is  the  county  seat. 

CARROLL  county,  organized  1828,  contains  376  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  White  and  Cass,  east  by 
Cass  and  Howard,  south  by  Clinton,  and  west  by  Tippe- 
canoe  and  White.  The  surface  is  generally  level,  but  un- 
dulates considerably  along  the  Wabash,  Tippecanoe,  and 
Wild  Cat,  which  are  its  principal  streams.  Four  fifths  of 
the  country  was  originally  forest  land,  heavily  timbered 
with  oak,  walnut,  poplar,  beech,  and  sugar-tree;  the  re- 
mainder is  dry  prairie.  The  soil  is  a  rich  loam,  well 
adapted  for  the  cereals,  etc.,  and  these,  with  horses,  cattle, 
and  hogs  are  largely  exported.  The  Wabash  river  and 
the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  which  cross  this  county,  fur- 
nish great  facilities  for  trade,  and  the  streams  generally 
may  be  used  as  mill  seats.  With  such  facilities  the  county 
has  prospered  wonderfully.  In  1850  it  contained  1,909 
dwellings  and  families,  11,015  inhabitants,  1,129  farms,  and 
79  productive  establishments.  DELPHI,  on  Deer  creek, 
one  mile  from  the  Wabash,  and  on  the  Wabash  and  Erie 
canal,  is  the  county  seat. 

CASS  county,  organized  1829,  contains  420  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Pulaski  and  Fulton,  east  by 
Miami,  south  by  Howard  and  Carroll,  and  west  by  Carroll 
and  White.  The  borders  of  the  Wabash  and  Eel  rivers 
are  hilly  or  undulating,  the  other  parts  of  the  country 
level.  All  the  south  part  is  heavily-timbered  bottoms  or 


56  INDIANA. 

table-land,  the  center  is  mostly  bottom  or  high  bluff-land, 
and  the  north  is  principally  prairie.  The  high  timber- 
lands  are  exceedingly  valuable,  and  suitable  for  every 
description  of  grain  or  grass,  the  prairie  is  most  produc- 
tive of  wheat  crops,  and  the  bottoms  of  those  of  corn. 
Considerable  manufactures  are  carried  on  in  the  county, 
fostered  by  the  valuable  water-power  afforded  by  the  Wa- 
bash  and  Eel  rivers,  and  also  by  Twelve  Mile,  Pipe,  and 
Crooked  creeks.  Iron  ore,  building  stone,  etc.,  are  abun- 
dant. In  1850  the  county  contained  1,863  dwellings,  1,881 
familes,  11,021  inhabitants,  1,134  farms,  and  108  produc- 
tive establishments.  LOGANSPORT,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Wabash  and  Eel  rivers,  and  on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal, 
is  the  county  seat. 

CLARK  county,  organized  1801,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Scott  and  Jefferson,  east 
and  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Floyd  and 
Washington.  The  surface  is  usually  rolling  but  not  hilly, 
except  the  bluffs  bordering  on  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries, 
Silver  creek  and  Fourteen  Mile  creek,  with  others  less 
important,  drain  the  lands.  A  singular  chain  of  hills 
termed  "  Knobs,"  form  the  northwest  and  west  boundary 
of  the  county — these  are  crowned  with  fine  forest  growths, 
and  are  the  only  portions  which  are  out  of  the  reach  of 
cultivation.  In  the  neighborhood  of  the  Ohio  the  soil  has 
a  calcareous  basis,  and  is  equal  to  the  best  bottoms  in 
productiveness ;  in  the  back  country  the  land  is  more  in- 
clined to  be  wet,  and  the  soils  are  better  adapted  to  grasses 
than  to  cereal  agriculture.  The  arts  and  manufactures 
have  made  good  progress  in  this  county.  In  1850  the 
county  contained  2,757  dwellings,  2,807  families,  15,822 
inhabitants,  1,048  farms,  and  88  productive  establish- 
ments. CHARLESTOWIS-,  situated  two  miles  and  a  half  from 
the  Ohio  river,  thirteen  miles  above  the  falls,  is  the  county 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  57 

seat.  JEFFERSONVILLE,  opposite  Louisville,  is  the  most 
important  city,  being  the  south  terminus  of  the  Jefferson- 
ville  and  Indianapolis  railroad. 

CLAY  county,  organized  1825,  contains  360  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Parke,  east  by  Putnam  and  Owen, 
south  by  Greene,  and  west  by  Sullivan  and  Vigo.  Eel 
river  and  its  branches,  Birch,  Otter,  Cross,  and  Jordan 
creeks,  are  the  only  streams  of  consequence  within  its  lim- 
its. The  surface  is  generally  level ;  it  has  a  fair  portion 
of  good  land,  mostly  heavily  timbered,  and  in  the  south- 
west are  some  beautiful  prairies.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are 
abundant  and  easy  of  access.  The  exports  are  wheat, 
cattle,  and  hogs.  The  Terre  Haute  and  Indianapolis  rail- 
road passes  through  this  county.  In  1850  the  county 
contained  1,326  dwellings  and  families,  7,944  inhabitants, 
829  farms,  and  10  productive  establishments.  BOWLING- 
GREEN,  on  the  east  side  of  Eel  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

CLINTON  county,  organized  1830,  contains  432  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Carroll,  east  by  Tipton 
and  Hamilton,  south  by  Boone,  and  west  by  Tippecanoe. 
The  principal  streams  are  the  middle  and  south  forks  of 
the  Wild-Cat  river,  Sugar  creek,  and  some  of  lesser  im- 
portance. The  surface,  except  near  and  on  the  banks  of 
the  Wild-Cat,  is  level ;  and  the  whole,  with  the  exception 
of  some  small  prairies,  is  heavily  timbered.  The  soil  is 
mostly  alluvial,  with  a  clay  bottom.  The  pasturage  is 
everywhere  excellent,  and  the  crops  of  wheat  heavy. 
Horses,  cattle,  hogs,  and  wheat  are  largely  exported.  The 
Indianapolis  and  Lafayette  railroad  passes  through  the 
southwest  part  of  the  county.  In  1850  there  were  in 
Clinton  2,001  dwellings,  2,091  families,  11,869  inhabitants, 
1,411  farms,  and  21  productive  establishments.  FRANK- 
FORT, on  the  west  side  of  Prairie  Branch,  is  the  county 
seat. 


58  INDIANA. 

CRAWFORD  county,  organized  1818,  contains  320  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Orange  and  Washington, 
east  by  Harrison,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  southwest  and 
west  by  Perry  and  Dubois.  The  surface  is  very  uneven 
and  broken,  apd  the  soil,  except  near  the  river,  is  of  an 
indifferent  character.  Oak  and  poplar  are  the  prevailing 
natural  growths  ;  the  agricultural  productions  are  wheat, 
corn,  potatoes,  tobacco  and  grass.  Lumber  is  the  princi- 
pal export,  but  considerable  quantities  of  pork  and  flour 
and  some  beef  cattle  are  sent  to  the  southern  markets. 
Coal  and  iron  abound  in  the  western  districts.  The  Great 
Blue  river  washes  the  eastern  border  of  the  county,  and 
affords  valuable  water-power.  Near  this  stream,  four 
miles  from  Levenworth,  is  a  large  cave,  which  has  been 
explored  more  than  two  miles,  without  reaching  its  termi- 
nation. The  floor  of  this  cave,  as  well  as  some  others  ex- 
isting in  this  county,  was  covered  with  crystallized  salts 
when  first  discovered.  Little  Blue  river  and  Oil  creek 
also  traverse  this  county.  In  1850  Crawford  county  con- 
tained 1,027  dwellings  and  families,  6,524  inhabitants, 
540  farms,  and  33  productive  establishments.  LEVEN- 
WORTH, on  the  Ohio,  at  the  Horse  Shoe  Bend,  is  the  county 
seat. 

DAVIESS  county,  organized  1817,  contains  420  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Greene,  east  by  Martin, 
south  by  the  east  fork  of  White  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Dubois  and  Pike,  and  west  by  the  west  fork,  which 
separates  it  from  Knox.  The  northeast  part  of  the  county 
is  rolling  and  heavily  timbered ;  the  northwest  level,  and 
interspersed  with  prairies  and  skirts  of  timber ;  the  cen- 
ter is  generally  level,  and  what  is  usually  called  barrens  ; 
and  the  south  and  east  undulating  and  heavily  timbered. 
Interspersed  with  oak,  hickory,  gum,  etc.,  are  occasional 
districts,  containing  from  1,000  to  5,000  acres  of  walnut, 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  59 

hackberry,  ash  and  sugar-tree,  and  others  of  beech  growth 
generally,  the  soil  varying,  as  is  usual,  among  such  tim- 
ber in  this  region.  The  county  contains  every  variety  of 
soil,  from  a  sandy  to  a  pure  clay.  The  White  river  bottoms 
have  a  rich  black  loam,  in  some  places  partly  sandy,  and 
were  originally  timbered.  The  principal  products  are  corn 
wheat,  rye,  oats,  hay,  and  potatoes,  and  the  stock  raised  of 
hogs,  cattle,  and  horses.  The  county  has  immense  water- 
power,  and  White  river  affords  steamboat  navigation  for 
half  the  year.  The  whole  county  may  be  considered  ex- 
cellent farming  land.  The  Central  canal  passes  north 
and  south,  and  the  railroad  from  Cincinnati  to  Vincennes 
crosses  it  in  the  north,  affording,  together  with  its  navi- 
gable rivers,  great  facilities  to  commerce.  In  1850  it  con- 
tained 1,803  dwellings  and  families,  10,352  inhabitants, 
1,221  farms,  and  11  productive  establishments.  WASHING- 
TON, four  miles  east  of  White  river,  on  the  macadamized 
road  from  New  Albany  to  Vincennes,  twenty  miles  from 
the  latter  place,  is  the  county  seat. 

DEARBORN  county,  organized  1821,  contains  308  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Franklin,  east  by  the 
Ohio  State  line  and  Ohio  river,  south  by  Ohio,  and  west 
by  Ripley.  The  principal  streams,  besides  the  Ohio,  are 
the  Great  Miami  and  White  Water  rivers,  and  Laughery, 
Tanner's,  and  Hogan's  creeks.  The  bottoms  of  the  Ohio, 
Miami,  and  White  river,  and  the  west  and  northwest  parts 
of  the  county  are  level  or  slightly  undulatory  ;  the  resi- 
due is  broken  and  hilly.  In  the  hollows  and  on  the  hills 
the  soil  is  a  rich  loam,  and  throughout  the  lands  are  very 
productive.  Corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  great  staples, 
which  are  largely  exported,  and  flour  is  extensively  manu- 
factured for  market.  Manufactures  of  various  kinds  are 
also  carried  on.  In  1850  the  county  contained  3,549 
dwellings,  3,602  families,  20,166  inhabitants,  1,520  farms, 


60  INDIANA. 

and  72  productive  establishments.  White  Water  canal, 
also  the  Lawrenceburg  and  Indianapolis  railroad  and  the 
Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  railroad  pass  through  this  county. 
LAWRENCEBURG,  on  the  Ohio,  twenty-two  miles  below 
Cincinnati,  and  at  the  outlet  of  White  Water  canal,  is  the 
county  seat. 

DECATUR  county,  organized  1821 ,  contains  380  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Rush,  east  by  Franklin, 
south  by  Ripley  and  Jennings,  and  west  by  Bartholomew 
and  Shelby.  The  surface  is  mostly  level  with  gentle  un- 
dulations, though  on  some  of  the  streams  it  is  hilly.  The 
bottoms  are  rich  though  small ;  the  soil  of  the  upland  is 
a  rich  black  loam,  and  the  timber  consists  of  ash,  poplar, 
walnut,  sugar-tree,  oak,  and  beech.  In  the  east  and  south 
there  is  some  flat  wet  land,  but  there  is  little  surface  that 
can  be  called  waste  land  in  the  county.  Considerable 
quantities  of  products  are  annually  exported.  Manufac- 
tures are  rapidly  progressing.  Flat  Rock,  Clifty,  and 
Sand  creeks  are  the  principal  streams,  all  affording  favor- 
able mill  seats.  The  railroad  from  Lawrenceburg  to  In- 
dianapolis passes  through  the  county  in  a  northwest  and 
southeast  direction.  In  1850  it  contained  2,662  dwel- 
lings, 2,683  families,  15,107  inhabitants,  1,377  farms,  and 
39  productive  establishments.  GREE:VSBURG,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Sand  creek  and  on  the  line  of  the  Lawrenceburg 
and  Indianapolis  railroad,  is  the  county  seat. 

DE  KALB  county,  organized  1836,  contains  365  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Steuben,  east  by  the  Ohio 
state  line,  south  by  Allen,  and  west  by  Noble.  The  prin- 
cipal stream  is  St.  Joseph's  of  the  Maumee,  and  its  creeks 
are  Cedar,  Little  Cedar,  Fish,  Buck,  and  Bear.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  undulating,  and,  with  the  exception  of 
some  wet  prairies,  heavily  timbered.  The  soils  are  excel- 
lent for  general  farming,  but  hitherto  there  has  been  little 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  61 

surplus  for  export.  Wheat,  corn,  oats,  etc. ,  are  the  staples, 
and  cattle  raising  engages  much  attention,  In  1850  the 
county  contained  1,421  dwellings,  1,424  families,  8,251  in- 
habitants, 831  farms,  and  16  manufacturing  establishments. 
AUBURN,  near  the  center  of  the  county,  is  the  county 
seat. 

DELAWARE  county,  organized  1827,  contains  394  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Grant  and  Blackford,  east 
by  Jay  and  Randolph,  south  by  Henry,  and  west  by  Madi- 
son. White  river  in  the  center,  and  the  Mississinewa,  which 
joins  the  Wabash  in  the  north,  near  Peru,  and  their  nu- 
merous tributaries,  supply  the  county  abundantly  with 
water-power.  The  surface  is  mostly  level  or  gently  un- 
dulating— on  the  rivers  and  creeks  even  the  hills  are  in- 
considerable. Prairie  covers  about  one  twentieth  part  of 
the  county,  and  affords  excellent  meadow  and  pasture 
lands.  The  principal  growths  are  oak,  hickory,  poplar, 
beech,  walnut,  sugar,  linden,  etc.,  with  an  undergrowth  of 
hazel,  dog- wood,  spice,  and  prickly  ash,  but  the  oak  land 
is  more  extensive  than  the  beech.  The  Indianapolis  and 
Bellefontaine  railroad  crosses  the  county  in  a  direction 
east  and  west,  and  will  afford  great  facilities  to  its  develop- 
ment. In  1850  Delaware  contained  1,874  dwellings  and 
families,  10,843  inhabitants,  1,084  farms,  and  34  produc- 
tive establishments.  MUNCIETOWJV,  on  the  south  side  of 
White  river,  and  opposite  the  site  of  Outainink,  the  old 
residence  of  the  Muncie  tribe  of  Delaware  Indians,  is  the 
county  seat. 

DUBOIS  county,  organized  1817,  contains  432  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Davies  and  Martin,  east 
by  Orange  and  Crawford,  south  by  Perry,  Spencer,  and 
Warrick,  and  west  by  Pike.  The  east  fork  of  White  river 
forms  more  than  half  of  its  northern  boundary ;  the 
Patoka  is  also  a  fine  stream,  and  has  several  tributary 


62  INDIANA. 

creeks,  which  are  suitable  for  mill  purposes.  The  bottoms 
of  these  streams  are  very  rich,  and  occupy  about  one  fifth 
part  of  the  county.  In  the  northeast,  the  country  has  a 
rolling  surface;  the  residue  is  generally  level.  One 
eighth  part  of  the  county  is  occasionally  inundated ;  there 
is  no  prairie  land,  but  the  soils  are  generally  good — not 
the  best.  The  most  common  timber  is  white  and  black 
oak,  poplar,  walnut,  sugar,  beech,  hickory,  etc.,  with 
much  undergrowth  of  dog-wood  and  spice  bush.  Corn 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products,  which,  with  hogs  and 
cattle,  are  exported  largely.  Coal  is  abundant.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  1,146  dwellings  and  families,  6,321 
inhabitants,  794  farms,  and  9  productive  establishments. 
JASPER,  on  the  Patoka,  is  the  county  seat. 

EL.KHART  county,  organized  1830,  contains  460  square 
miles,  and  is  boun'ded  north  by  the  Michigan  state  line, 
east  by  Lagrange  and  Noble,  south  by  Kosciusko,  and 
west  by  Marshall  and  St.  Joseph.  St.  Joseph  river,  and 
its  tributary,  the  Elkhart,  are  unsurpassed  as  mill 
streams ;  and  the  numberless  creeks  that  enter  into  them 
supply  abundant  water-power  to  every  part  of  the  county ; 
and  there  are  several  small  lakes  in  various  parts,  one  of 
which  in  the  southwest  is  the  source  of  Yellow  river,  a 
branch  of  Kankakee.  The  country  has  generally  an  un- 
dulating surface,  about  one  half  of  which  is  covered  with 
timber ;  the  residue  is  either  prairie  or  oak  barrens.  The 
principal  growths  are  beech,  maple,  walnut,  hickory,  pop- 
lar, oak,  and  cherry.  The  prairies  in  the  vicinity  of  St. 
Joseph  and  Elkhart  rivers  are  remarkably  fertile,  and 
are  highly  cultivated.  Wheat  and  corn  are  the  staple 
products,  and  some  40,000  barrels  of  flour  are  annually 
exported.  Other  grains  and  grasses  are  also  produced  in 
abundance.  Large  beds  of  iron  are  found  in  the  county, 
and  at  Mishawaka  considerable  amounts  have  been  man- 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  03 

ufactured.  The  Northern  Indiana  railroad  traverses  this 
county  east  and  west.  In  1850  it  contained  2,254  dwell- 
ings, 2,316  families,  12,690  inhabitants,  1,226  farms,  and 
70  productive  establishments.  GOSHEN,  on  the  east  bank 
of  the  Elkhart  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

FAYETTE  county,  organized  1818,  contains  210  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Henry  and  Wayne,  east 
by  Union,  south  by  Franklin,  and  west  by  Rush.  The 
west  fork  of  White  Water  river  passes  north  and  south 
through  the  county,  dividing  it  almost  centrally,  and  this, 
with  its  tributaries,  affords  abundant  water-power  at  all 
seasons.  In  the  east  and  south  the  surface  is  generally 
rolling,  and  in  the  north  and  west  level,  with  a  large  por- 
tion of  bottoms.  Dense  forests,  principally  of  walnut, 
poplar,  sugar,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  etc.,  originally  cover- 
ed most  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  everywhere  remark- 
ably fertile,  and  the  crops  more  than  usually  abundant. 
No  other  county,  in  proportion  to  its  size,  exports  a 
greater  amount  of  products.  Pork,  beef,  and  flour,  are 
its  staples,  which  are  sent  to  market  chiefly  by  the  White 
Water  canal,  which  passes  along  the  valley  of  the  river 
of  the  same  name.  In  1850  Fayette  contained  1,818  dwell- 
ings, 1,835  families,  10,217  inhabitants,  986  farms,  and 
116  productive  establishments.  CONNERSVILLE,  situated 
on  the  canal  and  west  of  the  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

FLOYD  county,  organized  1819,  contains  144  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Washington  and  Clarke, 
east  by  Clarke  and  the  Ohio  river,  south  and  west  by  Har- 
rison. Silver  creek  divides  Floyd  from  Clark  county,  and 
there  are  several  other  small  creeks  within  the  county. 
A  range  of  hills  called  the  "  Knobs"  traverses  the  county 
north  and  south,  terminating  on  the  Ohio  near  New 
Albany.  These  hills,  which  are  from  two  to  three  miles 
wide,  are  covered  with  fine  timber,  oaks  generally,  but  in 


64  INDIANA. 

some  places  pine.  In  the  -western  parts  poplar,  chestnut, 
beech,  and  sugar  are  the  prevalent  growths,  and  in  the 
bottoms  of  the  Ohio  and  Silver  creek,  the  timber  common 
to  such  situations.  The  soil  is  very  various ;  little  of  it, 
however,  can  be  classed  as  first-rate.  Corn  and  grasses 
are  the  chief  products,  and  the  rearing  of  live  stock  is 
generally  attended  to.  Manufactures  and  ship-building 
are  carried  on  near  the  Ohio.  In  1850  Floyd  contained 
2,448  dwellings,  2,316  families,  14,875  inhabitants,  1,428 
farms,  and  106  productive  establishments.  The  New  Al- 
bany and  Salem  railroad  passes  through  the  county.  NEW 
ALBANY,  situated  on  the  Ohio,  two  miles  below  the  Falls, 
is  the  county  seat. 

FOUNTAIN  (Fontaine)  county,  organized  1825,  contains 
390  square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Warren,  east 
by  Tippecanoe  and  Montgomery,  south  by  Parke,  and 
west  by  Vermilion  and  Warren.  The  principal  streams 
are  the  Wabash,  which  washes  its  western  and  northern 
borders,  and  its  tributaries,  Coal  creek  and  Shawanee 
creek,  which,  with  numerous  arms,  spread  over  a  great 
portion  of  the  county  and  afford  abundant  water-power. 
The  surface  is  mostly  level,  though  the  central  and  south- 
ern parts  are  occasionally  undulating,  and  it  is  beauti- 
fully variegated  with  heavy  forests  and  rich  prairies. 
Prairie  covers  about  one  fourth  part  of  the  whole  area. 
The  soil  is  generally  a  black  loam,  mixed  with  sand,  and 
is  very  productive.  Clay  prevails  in  the  south,  and  the 
forests  there  consist  of  poplar,  sugar,  and  beech.  In  the 
north  oak,  walnut,  and  hickory  predominate.  The  ex- 
ports are  carried  off  by  the  Wabash  river  and  the  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal ;  they  consist  of  grain,  flour,  pork,  and 
live  stock.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are  abundant,  and  manu- 
factures engage  considerable  attention.  In  1850  there 
were  in  the  county  2,251  dwellings,  2,301  families,  13.253 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  65 

inhabitants,  1,357  farms,  and  103  productive  establish- 
ments. COVINGTON,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Wabash,  and 
on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  where  the  road  from  In- 
diana to  Springfield,  Illinois,  crosses  it,  is  the  county  seat. 

FRANKLIN  county,  organized  1810,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Fayette  and  Union,  east 
by  the  Ohio  state  line ,  south  by  Dearborn  and  Ripley,  and 
west  by  Decatur  and  Rush.  The  principal  water-courses 
are  the  east  and  west  branches  of  the  White  Water,  which 
unite  at  Brookville,  near  the  center  of  the  county,  affording 
immense  motive-power ;  and  besides  these  are  Salt  creek, 
Pipe  creek,  Red  Cedar  Grove  creek,  etc.,  which  drain  con- 
siderable sections.  The  northeast  part  of  the  county  is 
generally  level,  the  central  and  western  parts  are  rolling 
and  in  many  places  quite  hilly.  The  soil  is  good  on  the 
average ;  the  bottoms  of  the  White  Water  and  its  tribu- 
taries occupy  one  half  the  surface,  and  are  well  adapted 
for  corn  growing ;  wheat  succeeds  best  on  the  uplands. 
The  timber  consists  chiefly  of  oak,  sugar,  beech,  hickory, 
and  black  walnut.  The  products  of  the  county  are  car- 
ried off  by  the  White  Water  canal.  In  several  kinds  of 
manufactures  the  county  has  made  some  ^progress,  and 
in  milling  few  counties  can  compete  with  this.  Many 
relics  of  a  past  civilization,  as  mounds  and  other  con- 
structions of  earth  and  stone,  are  found  in  several  parts. 
In  1850  the  county  contained  3,286  dwellings  and  families, 
17,968  inhabitants,  1,739  farms,  and  121  productive  es- 
tablishments, BROOKVILLE,  situated  on  the  forks  of 
White  Water  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

FTTLTON  county,  organized  1836,  contains  357  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Marshall,  east  by  Kosci- 
usko  and  Miami,  south  by  Cass,  and  west  by  Pulaski.  The 
Tippecanoe  river  crosses  the  north  part  of  the  county  in 
a  direction  east  and  west,  and  this,  with  the  creeks 


66  INDIANA. 

named,  Mill,  Mud,  Owl,  and  Chipwannuc,  afford  immense 
water-power.  A  ridge  of  small,  rugged  hills  extends  along 
the  north  bank  of  the  Tippecanoe  through  the  county. 
With  this  exception,  the  surface  is  level  or  gently  undu- 
lating. The  northeast  and  east  parts  are  covered  with 
dense  forests  ;  the  residue  is  barrens  and  prairie,  alter- 
nately wet  and  dry,  with  occasional  groves  of  timber.  In 
the  barrens  the  soil  is  sandy,  but  generally  in  the  timber 
lands  black  earth,  rich  and  deep,  prevails.  Iron  ore  is 
abundant,  and  the  manufacture  of  the  article  is  becoming 
important.  In  1850  the  county  contained  1,085  dwellings 
and  families,  5,982  inhabitants,  777  farms,  and  13  produc- 
tive establishments.  ROCHESTER,  on  the  south  bank  of 
Mill  creek,  on  the  Michigan  road,  is  the  county  seat. 

GIBSON  county,  organized  1813,  contains  450  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Knox  and  Pike,  east  by 
Pike  and  Warrick,  south  by  Warrick,  Vanderburg,  and 
Posey,  and  west  by  the  state  of  Illinois.  The  Wabash 
river  winds  along  its  western,  and  White  river  along  its 
northern  border,  while  the  Patoka  and  numerous  other 
streams  drain  the  interior.  The  surface  is  agreeably  un- 
dulating; about  one  sixth  is  bottom  land,  and  a  small 
portion  barrens;  the  residue  is  heavily  timbered  with 
walnut,  sugar,  beech,  hickory,  ash,  oak,  etc.  The  soil  is 
generally  loam  and  sand,  and  is  everywhere  productive. 
The  agricultural  exports  are  ample.  The  immense  water- 
power  of  this  county  and  its  navigable  streams  have 
greatly  developed  its  resources ;  and  the^anal,  when  com- 
pleted, will  be  a  further  means  of  promoting  its  already 
great  prosperity.  In  1850  Gibson  contained  1,833  dwel- 
lings and  families,  10,771  inhabitants,  1,220  farms,  and  23 
productive  establishments.  PRINCETON,  situated  in  the 
center  of  a  fine  farming  country,  is  the  county  seat. 

GRANT  county,  organized  1831,  contains  416  square 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  67 

miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Wabash  and  Huntington, 
east  by  Wells  and  Blackford,  south  by  Delaware  and 
Madison,  and  west  by  Howard  and  Miami.  The  water- 
courses are  the  Mississinewa  and  its  tributaries.  Except 
along  the  b'orders  of  the  Mississinewa,  which  are  beauti- 
fully rolling,  the  country  is  quite  level,  and  nearly  all 
was  originally  covered  with  heavy  timber.  The  soil  is  rich 
and  well  adapted  for  agriculture  generally.  It  has  few 
facilities  of  transportation,  however ;  and,  in  this  respect, 
suffers  in  comparison  with  most  other  parts  of  Indiana. 
In  1850  Grant  contained  1,894  dwellings,  1,901  families, 
11,092  inhabitants,  900  farms,  and  52  productive  estab- 
lishments. MARION,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississinewa, 
is  the  county  seat. 

GREENE  county,  organized  1821,  contains  540  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Clay  and  Owen,  east  by 
Munroe  and  Lawrence,  south  by  Martin  and  Daviess,  and 
west  by  Sullivan.  The  west  fork  of  White  river  divides 
it  almost  equally,  and  it  has  other  streams  which  afford 
mill-power,  and  the  former  is  navigable  the  whole  extent. 
Eastward  the  surface  is  rather  hilly,  westward  it  is  level, 
and  on  the  rivers  the  soil  is  particularly  rich.  The  bar- 
rens, which  occupy  one  sixth  part  of  the  county,  are  sandy ; 
the  other  parts  have  a  clay  soil,  which  varies  greatly 
in  quality.  Oak,  sugar,  walnut,  beech,  cherry,  and  per- 
simmon are  the  prevailing  forest  growths.  The  products 
are  wheat,  corn,  pork,  and  tobacco,  and  large  quantities 
are  annually  exported.  Coal  and  iron  are  found  in  great 
abundance.  The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  passes  through 
the  county,  and,  when  open  to  Evansville,  must  be  the 
means  of  adding  much  to  the  wealth  of  the  county.  In 
1850  the  county  contained  2,089  dwellings,  2,094  families, 
12,313  inhabitants,  1,227  farms,  and  39  productive  estab- 


68  INDIANA. 

lisliments.  BLOOMFIELD,  situated  on  high  ground,  one 
mile  east  of  White  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

HAMILTON  county,  organized  1823,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Tipton,  east  by  Madison, 
south  by  Hancock  and  Marion,  and  west  by  •  Boone  and 
Clinton.  The  principal  streams  are  the  west  fork  of  White 
river,  and  its  tributaries,  Cicero,  Coal,  Stoney,  Fall  creeks, 
etc.  The  surface  is  either  level  or  gently  undulating,  the 
soil  good,  and  everywhere  adapted  to  farming  operations. 
Along  White  river  there  are  a  few  dry  prairies,  and 
at  the  heads  of  Cicero  and  Stoney  creeks  a  number 
of  wet  ones,  but  they  are  mostly  of  small  extent.  The 
residue  of  the  county  is  timbered  land,  with  a  good 
proportion  of  oak,  poplar,  walnut,  sugar,  hickory,  and 
beech.  The  products  of  agriculture  are  ample,  and  the 
exports,  consisting  of  wheat,  flour,  corn,  pork,  and  live 
stock  are  constantly  increasing.  The  Indianapolis  and 
Peru  railroad,  recently  opened,  will  cause  a  rapid  de- 
velopment of  its  resources,  and  stimulate  every  kind  of 
industry.  In  1850  the  county  contained  2,159  dwellings, 
2,161  families,  12,684  inhabitants,  1,261  farms,  and  16 
productive  establishments.  NOBLESVILL.E,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river,  and  an  important  railroad  station,  is  the 
county  seat. 

HANCOCK  county,  organized  1828,  contains  308  square 
miles,  and  ia  bounded  noAh  by  Hamilton  and  Madison,  east 
by  Henry  and  Rush,  south  by  Shelby,  and  west  by  Marion. 
The  principal  streams  are  Blue  river,  Sugar  creek,  and 
Brandywine  creek,  all  affording  excellent  mill  sites.  The 
surface  is  generally  level,  hut  near  the  streams  frequently 
becomes  undulating.  The  soils  are  rich,  and  much  of  the 
county  was  originally  well  timbered.  The  staple  pro- 
ducts are  wheat,  corn,  and  grass ;  and  these,  with  hogs 
cattle,  and  horses,  form  the  exports.  Manufactures  have 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  69 

made  considerable  progress.  The  railroad  from  India- 
napolis to  Richmond  intersects  this  county,  and  affords 
convenient  means  of  transport.  In  1850  Hancock  con- 
tained 1,685  dwellings  and  families,  9,698  inhabitants, 
1,176  farms,  and  36  productive  establishments.  GREEN- 
FIELD, in  the  center  of  the  county,  near  Brandywine  creek, 
is  the  county  seat. 

HARRISON-  county,  organized  1808,  contains  478  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Washington,  east  by  Floyd 
and  the  Ohio  river,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by 
Ohio  river  and  Crawford.  The  principal  streams,  besides 
the  Ohio,  which  washes  the  coast  southeast,  south,  and 
southwest,  are  Blue  river,  forming  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween Harrison  and  Crawford,  and  the  creeks  Big  Indian, 
Little  Indian,  and  Buck.  These  are  all  fine  mill  streams. 
The  face  of  the  country,  as  well  as  the  soils,  is  much  di- 
versified. The  "  Knobs,"  in  the  east,  and  the  river  hills 
present  fine  scenery.  The  bottoms,  valleys,  and  parts  of 
the  upland  are  fertile,  and  were  originally  timbered,  but 
some  of  the  barrens  have  many  sink  holes,  and  in  places 
the  soil  is  thin.  Corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  pork,  beef,  etc., 
form  the  staples,  and  these  are  largely  exported.  Six 
miles  west  of  Corydon  is  Wilson's  Spring,  60  feet  in  diame- 
ter, and,  though  it  has  been  sounded  400  feet,  no  bottom 
has  been  found.  It  rises  from  a  solid  rock,  and  affords 
sufficient  water  to  turn  a  valuable  flouring  mill.  Put- 
nam's cave,  in  the  same  neighborhood,  has  been  explored 
for  a  distance  of  two  and  a  half  miles,  and  is  frequently 
visited.  The  descent  to  the  cave  is  some  twenty  feet,  and 
it  then  extends  off  horizontally.  In  1850  Harrison  con- 
tained 2,045^  dwellings  and  families,  15,286  inhabitants, 
1,650  farms,  and  19  productive  establishments.  CORYDON, 
situated  on  a  level  bottom,  near  the  junction  of  Big  and 
Little  Indian  creeks,  is  the  county  seat. 


70  INDIANA. 

HENDRICK'S  county,  organized  1823,  contains  380  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Boone,  east  by  Marion, 
south  by  Morgan,  and  west  by  Putnam  and  Montgomery. 
The  south  side  and  northwest  corner  are  undulating, 
otherwise  the  surface  is  level.  More  than  half  the  soil  is 
a  rich  loam,  slightly  mixed  with  sand,  and  the  balance  is 
clay,  interspersed  with  wet  prairie  lands.  The  forests  are 
very  extensive,  and  consist  of  the  most  valuable  timber 
trees.  The  staple  products  are  corn  and  wheat ;  and  hogs, 
cattle  and  horses  form  a  large  moiety  of  the  exports.  The 
principal  water-courses  are  White  Lick,  some  of  the  upper 
branches  of  Eel  river,  and  Mud  creek,  which  abound  in 
mill  sites.  Several  woollen  and  other  factories  are  in  op- 
eration. The  national  road  and  the  Indianapolis  and  Terre 
Haute  railroad  cross  this  county  in  a  direction  east  and 
west,  and  are  the  general  lines  of  transportation  for  mer- 
chandize from  and  to  the  county  In  1850  the  county 
contained  2,390  dwellings,  2,412  families,  14,083  inhabit- 
ants, 1,444  farms,  and  10  productive  establishments. 
DANVILLE  is  the  county  seat. 

HENRY  county,  organized  1821,  contains  385  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Delaware,  east  by  Ran- 
dolph and  Wayne,  south  by  Fayette  and  Rush,  and  west 
by  Hancock  and  Madison.  Water-power  is  abundant. 
Blue  river  runs  from  northeast  to  southwest  through  the 
county,  Fall  creek  through  the  north,  and  there  are  sev- 
eral other  valuable  mill  streams.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try is  undulating,  but  there  are  large  tracts  of  level  in 
the  east.  With  the  exception  of  a  small  extent  of  prairie 
in  the  north,  the  land  was  originally  well  timbered,  but 
most  of  the  farms  are  now  well  cleared  and  cultivated. 
Wheat  and  flour  are  the  staple  exports,  and  a  large  amount 
of  stock  is  annually  driven  to  the  markets.  Manufactures 
have  made  some  progress,  and  trade  generally  is  nourishing. 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  71 

The  railroads  from  Indianapolis  to  Ohio  pass  directly 
across  the  county.  In  1850  it  contained  3,064  dwellings, 
3,066  families,  17,605  inhabitants,  1,666  farms,  and  124 
productive  establishments.  NEW  CASTLE  is  the  county 
seat. 

HOWARD  county,  organized  1844,  contains  279  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Cass  and  Miami,  east  by 
Grant,  south  by  Tipton  and  Clinton,  and  west  by  Clinton 
and  Carroll.  It  contains  numerous  fine  mill  streams.  The 
surface  is  level  or  slightly  undulating,  and  the  soil  is  uni- 
formly rich.  There  are  a  few  prairies  inclining  to  be  wet, 
but  generally  the  land  is  heavily  timbered.  Corn,  wheat, 
and  grass  grow  finely.  This  county  lies  wholly  in  the 
Miami  Reserve,  and  is,  as  yet,  sparsely  settled.  It  is  tra- 
versed by  the  Indianapolis  and  Peru  railroad,  which  ac- 
commodates all  its  transportation.  In  1850  the  county  con- 
tained 1,190  dwellings  and  families,  6,957  inhabitants,  746 
farms,  and  26  productive  establishments.  KOKOMO,  lo- 
cated on  the  site  of  an  Indian  village  of  the  same  name, 
is  the  county  seat. 

HUNTING-TON  county,  organized  1832,  contains  384 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Whitley,  east  by 
Allen  and  Wells,  south  by  Grant,  and  west  by  Wabash 
The  Wabash  is  the  principal  river,  and  there  are  the  Sal- 
amonie,  Little  river,  and  numberless  tributary  creeks, 
all  which  are  fine  mill  streams.  The  surface  is  generally 
level  or  slightly  undulating,  and  the  soil,  clay  and  sand 
mixed,  deep  and  very  fertile.  Small  prairies  exist,  but 
forest  land  preponderates,  with  the  usual  varieties  of  tim- 
ber. Wheat,  corn,  beef,  and  pork  are  the  great  staples, 
and  are  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal  passes  through  the  county.  In  1850  it 
contained  1,356  dwellings  and  families,  7,850  inhabitants, 
782  farms,  and  32  productive  establishments.  HUNTING- 


72  INDIANA. 

DON,  at  the  mouth  of  Flint  creek  on  Little  river,  two  miles 
above  its  entrance  into  the  Wabash,  is  the  county  seat. 

JACKSON  county,  organized  1815,  contains  500  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Brown  and  Bartholomew, 
east  by  Jennings,  south  by  Scott  and  Washington,  and 
west  by  Lawrence  and  Monroe.  The  principal  water- 
courses are  the  Driftwood  or  east  fork  of  White  river, 
White  fork,  White  creek,  Salt  creek,  and  Muscackituck 
creek,  all  fine  mill  streams.  The  face  of  the  country  is 
for  the  most  part  either  level  or  gently  undulating,  but 
in  the  north  there  are  several  ranges  of  "  knobs."  The 
bottoms  are  large  and  rich,  composing  about  one  fourth 
part  of  the  whole  surface,  and  the  soil  is  generally  sandy 
clay,  but  in  every  variety.  The  greater  portion  of  the 
county  is  well  timbered.  The  produce  is  large,  and  a  con- 
siderable surplus  is  annually  exported.  In  the  northeast 
corner  of  the  county,  in  the  bed  of  White  river,  is  a  soli- 
tary boulder  of  granite  weighing  several  tons.  No  other 
rock  of  the  kind  is  found  in  the  county.  In  the  same 
neighborhood  is  a  large  mound,  about  two  hundred  yards 
in  circumference  at  its  base.  In  1850  the  county  contain- 
ed 1,956  dwellings,  1,965  families,  11,047  inhabitants, 
1,173  farms,  and  18  productive  establishments.  The  Ohio 
and  Indianapolis  railroad  passes  through  it  north  and 
south,  and  the  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  railroad  will  cut 
it  from  east  to  west.  BRowNsxowN,one  mile  southeast  of 
east  fork  of  White  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

JASPER  county,  organized  1837,  the  largest  county  in 
the  state,  contains  975  square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north 
by  Lake  and  Porter,  east  by  Stark,  Pulaski,  and  White, 
south  by  White  and  Benton,  and  west  by  the  Illinois  state 
line.  The  Kankakee,  which  traverses  the  whole  north 
boundary,  and  which  is  navigable  in  high  water,  is  the 
principal  stream.  In  the  south  the  country  is  drained  by 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  73 

the  Iroquois  or  Pickamink,  Pine  creek,  Sugar  creek,  etc. 
Beaver  lake,  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  county,  the 
largest  sheet  of  water  in  the  state,  covers  16,000  acres, 
and  abounds  in  excellent  fish.  The  surface  is  generally 
level,  and  consists  mostly  of  wet  and  dry  prairie,  inter- 
spersed with  small  groves  of  timber,  usually  called  bar- 
rens or  oak  openings.  Much  of  the  land  is  very  fertile, 
but  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  crops.  Wheat,  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  cereal  staples.  Stock  is  raised  to  a  large 
amount.  Most  of  the  country,  however,  is  as  yet  sparsely 
settled.  In  1850  Jasper  contained  592  dwellings  and  fam- 
ilies, 3,540  inhabitants,  343  farms,  and  4  productive  es- 
tablishments. RENSSELLAER,  at  the  rapids  of  the  Iro- 
quois river,  at  the  southwest  side,  is  the  county  seat. 

JAY  county,  organized  1836,  contains  378  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Wells  and  Adams,  east  by  the 
Ohio  state  line,  south  by  Randolph,  and  west  by  Delaware 
and  Blackford.  The  county  is  drained  by  a  number  of 
fine  creeks,  tributaries  of  the  Wabash.  The  surface  is 
generally  level,  but  occasionally  undulating,  and  every- 
where the  soil  is  rich  and  productive.  The  principal 
forest  trees  are  oak,  ash,  walnut,  hickory,  and  beech,  the 
two  latter  preponderating.  It  is  a  fine  grazing  county, 
and  exports  largely  both  of  animal  and  agricultural 
products.  In  1850  it  contained  1,179  dwellings,  1,185 
families,  7,047  inhabitants,  876  farms,  and  9  productive 
establishments.  PORTLAND,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Sal- 
amonie,  is  the  county  seat. 

JEFFERSON  county,  organized  1809,  contains  370  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jennings  and  Ripley,  east 
by  Switzerland,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  southwest 
and  west  by  Clark,  Scott,  and  Jennings.  It  is  drained  by 
Muscackituck  creek,  which  falls  into  the  east  fork  of  White 
river,  Indian  Kentucky  creek,  Big  creek,  Lewis  creek, 
7 


74  INDIANA. 

etc.,  all  fine  mill  streams.  Hart's  Falls,  near  Hanover, 
and  the  Falls  of  Clifty  have  much  grand  scenery  about 
them.  Except  near  the  Ohio,  the  surface  is  usually  level. 
The  bottoms  are  extensive  and  rich,  and  the  soil  of  the 
hills  skirting  the  Ohio  is  also  excellent.  On  the  table- 
land, back  from  the  hills,  there  is  more  clay,  and  the  in- 
terior is  well  wooded,  mostly  with  beech.  It  is  a  fine 
grass  county,  and  most  part  of  it  is  not  suitable  for  grain 
growing.  In  1850  Jefferson  contained  4,092  dwellings, 
4,204  families,  23,916  inhabitants,  1,396  farms,  and  138 
productive  establishments.  MADISON,  on  the  Ohio  river, 
the  south  terminus  of  the  railroad  to  Indianapolis,  is  the 
county  seat.  Hanover  is  the  location  of  a  celebrated  college. 

JENNINGS  county,  organized  1816,  contains  380  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Bartholomew  and  Decatur, 
east  by  Ripley,  south  by  Jefferson  and  Scott,  and  west  by 
Jackson  and  Bartholomew.  Near  the  streams,  the  most 
important  of  which  are  Graham's  fork,  and  north  fork  of 
Muscackituck  river,  and  Sand  creek,  the  surface  is  hilly 
and  broken,  and  the  soil  moderately  fertile,  except  in  the 
beech  flats,  at  the  heads  of  the  streams,  where  it  is  fit  only 
for  grass.  Excellent  timber,  and  fine  and  convenient  lime- 
stone quarries,  are  the  staples  of  the  county.  Agriculture 
furnishes  little  for  export.  The  Madison  and  Indianap- 
olis railroad  passes  northwest  and  southeast  through  the 
county.  In  1850  the  county  contained  2,064  dwellings 
and  families,  12,096  inhabitants,  1,208  farms,  and  78  pro- 
ductive establishments.  VERNON,  opposite  the  junction 
of  the  north  and  south  forks  of  the  Vernon  branch  of 
Muscackituck  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

JOHNSON  county,  organized  1822,  contains  320  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Marion,  east  by  Shelby, 
south  by  Bartholomew  and  Brown,  and  west  by  Morgan. 
The  east  fork  of  White  river,  with  Sugar  creek,  Young's 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  75 

creek,  Indian  creek,  Stott's  creek,  etc. ,  drain  the  country, 
and  afford  it  mill-power.  The  surface  is  very  various ; 
in  the  southwest  it  is  hilly,  south  and  southeast  plea- 
santly undulating,  and  in  other  parts  principally  level. 
Every  acre  is  susceptible  of  cultivation.  The  soil  is  gene- 
rally a  rich  black  loam,  mixed  with  sand;  and  a  great 
portion  has  excellent  timber.  Wheat  and  corn  are  largely 
exported,  also,  some  hogs  and  cattle.  The  Madison  and 
Indianapolis  railroad  passes  through  the  county,  and,  also, 
the  railroad  to  Mar  tins  ville.  In  1850  Jennings  contained 
2,067  dwellings  and  families,  12,101  inhabitants,  1,153 
farms,  and  25  productive  establishments.  FRANKLIX,  on 
the  north  side  of  Young's  creek,  just  about  its  junction 
with  Hurricane  creek,  and  on  the  line  of  the  railroad,  is 
the  county  seat.  Edinburg  is  also  an  important  place. 

KNOX  county,  organized  1802,  contains  540  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Sullivan  and  Greene,  east  by 
Daviess,  south  by  Pike  and  Gibson,  and  west  by  the  state 
of  Illinois.  It  is  inclosed  on  three  sides  by  rivers ;  on 
the  east  by  the  west  fork  of  the  White  river,  on  the  south 
by  White  river,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Wabash  river,  and 
there  are  numerous  fine  streams  penetrating  its  interior, 
as  Deshee  river,  Marie  creek,  etc.  Much  of  the  surface  is 
either  level  or  undulating,  though  there  are  some  river 
hills.  The  prairies,  near  the  Wabash,  are  rich  and  exten- 
sive ;  and  the  timbered  lands,  which  occupy  the  largest 
part  of  the  county,  are  generally  productive ;  intermixed 
with  them,  however,  are  sandy  barrens  and  swamps.  The 
bottoms  are  subject  to  inundations,  but  are  the  most  fer- 
tile lands.  The  county  sends  off  a  large  amount  of  surplus 
products.  In  1850  it  contained  1,969  dwellings  and  fami- 
lies, 11,084  inhabitants,  961  farms,  and  37  productive 
establishments.  VINCENNES,  the  oldest  settlement  in  the 
state,  is  the  county  seat.  It  is  well  located  on  the  Wa- 


76  INDIANA. 

bash,  and  has  prospects  of  becoming  an  important  railroad 
center. 

KOSCITTSKO  county,  organized  1836,  contains  567  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Elkhart,  east  by  Noble  and 
Whitley,  south  by  Wabash  and  Miami,  and  west  by  Fulton 
and  Marshall.  It  is  watered  by  the  rivers  Tippecanoe 
and  Eel,  which  have  numerous  tributary  streams.  The 
surface,  for  the  most  part,  is  undulating,  with  a  generally 
rich  soil,  and  more  than  one  half  is  heavily  timbered. 
Barrens,  or  oak  openings,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  residue,  but  there  are  dry  prairies  in  the  center  of  the 
state,  and  also  in  the  northern  part,  diversified  with  wet 
prairies,  and  several  beautiful  lakelets  abounding  in  fish. 
The  products  of  the  county  are  chiefly  consumed  within 
itself,  but  when  the  tide  of  immigration  shall  have  fully 
settled  the  country,  few  districts  will  be  able  to  export  a 
greater  surplus.  In  1850  it  contained  1,783  dwellings, 
1,795  families,  10,243  inhabitants,  1,127  farms,  and  21  pro- 
ductive establishments.  WARSAW,  on  the  Tippecanoe,  is 
the  county  seat. 

LA  GRANGE  county,  organized  1832,  contains  396  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  the  Michigan  state  line, 
east  by  Steuben,  south  by  Noble,  and  west  by  Elkhart. 
Fawn  river,  Pigeon  river,  and  Little  Elkhart  river  are  the 
principal  water-courses,  but  there  are,  besides  these,  nu- 
merous creeks  and  lakes,  which  afford  adequate  mill- 
power.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  but  there  are  some 
broken  or  undulating  districts.  Two  thirds  of  the  county 
are  barrens  or  oak  openings,  one  tenth  prairie,  and  the  resi- 
due heavily  timbered  land.  Sandy  loam  is  the  prevailing 
soil,  but  in  those  on  which  timber  is  thickest  clay  preponde- 
rates ;  both  are  fertile,  but  the  former  is  most  productive 
of  wheat.  The  surplus  products  seek  a  market  in  Michi- 
gan, and  are  carried  off  by  the  southern  railroad  of  that 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  77 

state.  In  1850  the  county  contained  1,479  dwellings, 
1,486  families,  8,387  inhabitants,  1,062  farms,  and  64  pro- 
ductive establishments.  LA  GRANGE,  in  Bloomfield  town- 
ship, is  the  county  seat.  Lima,  on  Pigeon  river,  was  such 
before  1842. 

LAKE  county,  organized  1837,  contains  468  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Lake  Michigan,  east  by 
Porter,  south  by  Jasper,  and  west  by  the  Illinois  state 
line.  The  Kankakee  river  forms  its  southern  border,  and 
receives  from  the  interior  West,  Cedar,  and  Eagle  creeks. 
In  the  north  are  the  two  branches  of  Calumic  river  and 
Deep  river.  The  surface  and  soil  are  various ;  near  the 
lakes  sand-hills  are  thrown  up,  and  are  covered  with  dwarf 
pine  and  cedar  growths ;  south  of  Turkey  creek  the  soil  is 
rich  and  alluvial,  but  the  central  part  is  better  adapted 
to  grazing  than  crops,  the  soil  being  a  mixture  of  clay, 
marl,  and  black  "  muck."  Farther  south  there  is  more 
sand,  with  a  mixture  of  black  loam, 'and  very  productive; 
and  still  farther  south,  adjoining  the  Kankakee,  are  exten- 
sive marshes.  About  one  half  the  surface  is  prairie,  with 
groves  of  various  kinds  of  timber.  The  Northern  Indian 
railroad  passes  through  the  county  in  a  direction  east  and 
west.  In  1850  Lake  contained  715  dwellings  and  families, 
3,991  inhabitants,  423  farms,  and  5  productive  establish- 
ments. CROWN  POINT  is  the  county  seat. 

LA  PORTE  county,  organized  1832,  contains  562  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  the  Michigan  state  line, 
east  by  St.  Joseph  and  Marshall,  south  by  Starke,  and  west 
by  Porter.  The  principal  streams  are  the  Kankakee  river, 
the  Little  Kankakee  river,  Gallien  river,  and  Trail  creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  abounds  with  rich  prairie, 
interspersed  with  groves  of  timber  and  lakes  of  pure 
water.  The  timber  is  oak  and  hickory,  and  near  the  lake, 
on  the  sand-hills,  dwarf  pine  and  cedar.  In  the  more 

" 


78  INDIANA. 

level  regions  beech,  poplar,  sugar,  etc.,  predominate.  The 
soil  is  very  rich,  but  in  the  south  are  burr  oak  barrens 
and  the  marshes  of  the  Kankakee.  The  products  of  the 
county  are  largely  exported,  and  the  cattle,  hogs,  etc., 
are  sent  to  Chicago  and  Detroit.  The  Northern  railroad 
passes  through  the  county.  In  1850  La  Porte  contained 
2.124  dwellings,  2,150  families,  12,145  inhabitants,  1,116 
farms,  and  122  productive  establishments.  LA  PORTE, 
situated  in  a  beautiful  lake  and  prairie  country,  is  the 
county  seat.  Michigan  city,  on  Trail  creek  and  Lake 
Michigan,  is  also  an  important  town,  and  is  contemplated 
as  the  future  emporium  of  the  northwestern  trade  of 
Indiana. 

LAWRENCE  county,  organized  1818,  contains  438  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Monroe,  east  by  Jackson 
and  Washington,  south  by  Orange,  and  west  by  Martin 
and  Greene.  The  principal  stream  is  the  east  fork  of 
White  river;  and  there  is  also  a  number  of  fine  streams, 
as  Salt  creek,  Guthrie's  creek,  Beaver  creek,  ar.d  Leather- 
wood  creek,  all  eligible  for  mill-power.  The  chief  part  of 
the  surface  is  either  rolling,  hilly,  or  much  broken — the 
level  bottoms  comprise  only  about  a  tenth  part  of  the 
whole.  The  soil  is  excellent  and  timber  abundant.  Lime- 
stone and  fine  springs  of  water  are  found  everywhere. 
The  county  exports  largely.  In  1850  the  number  of 
dwellings  and  families  was  2,012,  of  inhabitants  12,097, 
of  farms  1,031,  and  of  productive  establishments  19.  The 
extension  of  the  New  Albany  and  Salem  railroad  travefses 
the  county  in  a  direction  north  and  south,  and  it  is  prob- 
able that  the  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  railroad  will  cross 
it  from  east  to  west.  BEDFORD,  beautifully  situate  on  the 
high  ground  between  the  east  fork  of  White  river  and  Salt 
creek,  three  miles  from  the  former  and  two  from  the  lat- 
ter, is  the  county  seat. 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  79 

MADISON  county,  organized  1823,  contains  390  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Grant,  east  by  Delaware 
and  Henry,  south  by  Hancock,  and  west  by  Hamilton  and 
Tipton.  The  principal  stream  is  the  west  fork  of  White 
river  (navigable)  and  its  tributaries ;  and  there  are  nu- 
merous fine  mill  streams,  as  Pipe  creek,  Killbuck  creek, 
Fall  creek,  and  Lick  creek,  which  drain  a  large  area. 
With  the  exception  of  a  few  wet  prairies  and  the  river- 
hills,  the  country  is  either  gently  undulating  or  level, 
and  was  originally  heavily  timbered.  About  one  fourth 
is  bottom-land,  the  residue  upland,  with  soils  varying, 
though  mostly  mixed  with  clayey  loam,  and  sometimes 
with  sand.  The  county  produces  largely  of  wheat  and 
corn,  and  feeds  immense  quantities  of  stock  for  market. 
Limestone  and  marble  are  abundant.  The  Indianapolis 
and  Bellefontaine  railroad  traverses  the  county.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  2,159  dwellings,  2,160  families, 
12,375  inhabitants,  1,494  farms,  and  67  productive  estab- 
lishments. ANDERSON,  situated  on  a  high  bluff  on  the 
south  side  of  White  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

MARION  county,  organized  1821,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Boone  and  Hamilton,  east 
by  Hancock  and  Shelby,  south  by  Jqhnson  and  Morgan,  and 
west  by  Hendricks.  The  west  fork  of  White  river  inter- 
sects this  county,  and  it  is  otherwise  drained  by  Fall  or 
Eagle  creek,  and  several  others.  The  north  and  southwest 
is  a  beautiful  rolling  country,  diversified  with  hills,  but 
the  residue,  with  little  exception,  is  almost  level,  with 
slight  ascents  from  the  streams.  The  elevation  of  the 
county  above  the  water  of  the  Ohio  river  is  upward 
of  250  feet,  or  about  680  above  the  sea  level.  One  third 
of  the  surface  is  bottoms,  and  was  originally  heavily  tim- 
bered with  sugar-tree,  walnut,  ash,  and  oak,  without  un- 
derbrush. The  soil  is  generally  black  loam,  mixed  with 


80  INDIANA. 

sand  and  clay,  on  a  limestone-gravel  substratum.  Away 
from  the  streams  the  soils  become  poorer,  and  require  fre- 
quent manuring.  The  products,  however,  are  abundant, 
and  a  large  surplus  is  exported.  Manufactures  are  rap- 
idly on  the  increase,  and  the  demands  of  an  increasing 
intercourse  are  ever  calling  for  new  establishments.  In 
1850  the  county  contained  3,984  dwellings,  4,003  families, 
24,013  inhabitants,  1,581  farms,  and  179  productive  es- 
tablishments. INDIANAPOLIS  is  the  county  seat  and  also 
CAPITAL  OF  THE  STATE.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  bank 
of  the  west  fork  of  White  river,  in  latitude  39°  46'  north 
and  longitude  86°  4'  west,  and  is  as  nearly  as  possible  in 
the  center  of  the  state.  It  stands  on  a  beautiful,  very  fer- 
tile, and  extensive  plain,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Fall 
creek.  It  is  built  on  lands  (four  sections)  donated  by  the 
General  Government,  and  dates  from  1821,  at  which  pe- 
riod the  whole  country,  for  forty  miles  around,  was  a 
dense  forest.  Since  then  its  growth  has  been  rapid.  In 
1830  it  contained  1,085  inhabitants ;  in  1834,  about  1,600  ; 
in  1840,  2,692 ;  and  in  1850,  8,034.  The  seat  of  govern- 
ment was  established  here  1st  January,  1825.  The  State 
House  is  a  fine  building,  180  feet  long  and  80  feet  wide, 
and  was  completed  in.  1834,  at  a  cost  of  $60,000,  all  of 
which,  together  with  the  cost  of  the  governor's  house  and  of 
the  treasurer's  house  and  offices,  was  realized  from  the  sale 
of  lots  on  the  donation.  Churches,  schools,  hotels,  and 
every  description  of  stores,  now  grace  its  streets ;  and  it 
boasts  of  numerous  institutions  which  would  do  honor  to 
cities  of  more  pretensions.  Of  late  years  it  has  become 
a  chief  center  of  railroad  traffic,  and,  from  its  position,  is 
likely  to  maintain  its  ascendancy  in  this  respect.  No  less 
than  seven  railroads  meet  here,  coming  from  all  directions, 
and  conveying  to  and  from  it  the  wealth  of  an  empire. 
It  is  also  on  the  line  of  the  Great  National  road,  and  from 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  81 

it  diverge  several  fine  macadamized  and  plank  roads, 
pointing  to  all  the  important  places  within  and  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  state.  In  manufactures,  also,  it  has 
made  rapid  progress,  and,  at  the  present  time,  has  me- 
chanics employed  in  every  handicraft.  Few  cities  in  the 
states  north  of  the  Ohio,  indeed,  have  so  excellent  a  pros- 
pect of  future  greatness,  and  there  are  those  who  antici- 
pate its  becoming  a  rival  to  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  in 
the  number  of  its  people,  the  amount  of  its  trade,  and  in 
that  enterprise  which  is  so  necessary  to  the  fulfillment  of 
all  high  expectations. 

MARSHAL  county,  organized  1836,  contains  441  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  St.  Joseph,  east  by  Elk- 
hart  and  Kosciusko,  south  by  Fulton,  and  west  by  Stark 
and  La  Porte.  The  country  is  watered  by  Yellow  river, 
which  runs  nearly  through  the  center,  and  Tippecanoe 
river,  in  the  south  section ;  besides  which  there  are  nu- 
merous smaller  streams,  as  Pine  creek,  Eagle  creek,  Wolf 
creek,  etc.,  and  several  beautiful  lakes,  of  which  Lake 
Maxineukkee,  near  the  southwest  corner,  is  the  largest. 
The  surface  is  generally  level,  but  sometimes  rolling ;  and 
about  one  half  is  timbered  lands,  and  the  residue  barrens 
interspersed  with  rich  and  dry  prairie.  The  soil  is  excel- 
lent, and  except  in  the  barrens,  where  it  is  thin,  well 
adapted  for  either  farming  or  grazing.  Iron  ore  of  good 
quality  is  very  abundant,  and  a  considerable  quantity  has 
been  reduced.  In  1850  the  county  contained  928  dwell- 
ings and  families,  5,348  inhabitants,  570  farms,  and  10 
productive  establishments.  PLYMOUTH,  on  the  north  bank 
of  Yellow  river,  twenty-five  miles  from  its  junction  with 
the  Kankakee,  is  the  county  seat. 

MARTIN  county,  organized  1818,  contains  340  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Greene,  east  by  Lawrence 
and  Orange,  south  by  Dubois,  and  west  by  Daviess.  The 


82  INDIANA. 

east  fork  of  White  river,  in  its  windings  through  the 
county,  drains  a  large  portion  of  it,  and  abundant  water- 
power  is  also  afforded  by  Lick,  Beaver,  Indian,  and 
Bogues  creeks.  The  surface  is  generally  hilly,  and  the 
soils  various  in  quality,  but  mostly  clay.  Nine  tenths  of 
the  county  was  originally  heavily  timbered,  the  residue 
river-bottoms  and  barrens.  A  considerable  amount  of 
produce  is  exported.  Martin  will  probably  be  intersected 
by  the  line  of  the  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis  railroad.  In 
1860  the  county  contained  1,025  dwellings,  1,027  families, 
5,941  inhabitants,  633  farms,  and  18  productive  establish- 
ments. DOVER  HILL,  in  Perry  township,  is  the  county 
seat 

MIAMI  county,  organized  1832,  contains  384  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Fulton  and  Kosciusko, 
east  by  Wabash  and  Grant,  south  by  Howard,  and  west 
by  Cass  and  Fulton.  The  principal  water- courses  are  the 
Wabash  river  and  Eel  rivr,  which  flow  through  the 
county  from  east  to  west ;  and  the  Mississinewa  empties 
into  the  Wabash  from  the  south.  All  these  are  navigable 
for  light  boats,  and  there  are  numerous  creeks  spreading 
in  all  directions.  The  surface,  except  on  the  Wabash, 
etc.,  rivers,  is  generally  level;  on  those  streams  there  is 
a  good  amount  of  hilly  land,  but  not  so  broken  as  to  pre- 
vent cultivation.  One  half  the  county  is  timbered  heavy, 
and  the  residue  is  either  bottoms,  barrens,  or  prairies. 
The  soil  is  universally  good  and  some  exceedingly  fertile. 
The  surplus  products  are  large  in  amount,  and  since  the 
purchase  of  the  Reserve,  agriculture  has  made  great  pro- 
gress. Mills  of  every  description  line  the  streams,  and 
are  in  active  employment.  In  1850  the  county  contained 
1,944  dwellings,  1,975  families,  11,304  inhabitants,  1,184 
farms,  and  48  productive  establishments.  The  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal  crosses  in  a  direction  east  and  west,  and 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  83 

the  Indianapolis  and  Peru  railroad  taps  it  from  the  south. 
PERU,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Wabash  river,  and  on  the 
Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  is  the  county  seat. 

MONROE  county,  organized  1818,  contains  420  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Owen  and  Morgan,  east  by 
Brown  and  Jackson,  south  by  Lawrence,  and  west  by 
Greene  and  Owen.  It  is  watered  by  Salt,  Clear,  and  Bean 
Blossom  creeks.  On  Salt  creek,  a  superior  quality  of 
table  salt  is  manufactured.  The  face  of  the  country  is 
mostly  hilly,  though  near  the  center  there  is  much  that 
is  rolling.  It  was  originally  heavily  timbered,  without 
prairie,  and  with  but  a  small  portion  of  bottoms.  Walnut, 
ash,  oak,  poplar,  cherry,  hickory,  beech,  etc.,  are  the  prin- 
cipal growths.  Iron  ore  is  plentiful  in  the  northwest.  The 
agricultural  products  are  ample,  and  the  county  is  well 
supplied  with  mills.  Some  progress  has  also  been  made  in 
manufactures.  The  New  Albany  and  Salem  railroad  is 
extended  through  the  county  in  a  direction  north  and 
south.  In  1850  Monroe  contained  1,892  dwellings  and 
families,  11,286  inhabitants,  1,230  farms,  and  46  produc- 
tive establishments.  BLOOMINGTON  is  the  county  seat. 
The  State  University,  a  very  flourishing  literary  institu- 
tion, is  located  here. 

MONTGOMERY  county,  organized  1822,  contains  504 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Tippecanoe,  east 
by  Clinton,  Boone,  and  Hendricks,  south  by  Putnam  and 
Parkej  and  west  by  Fountain.  The  west  part  and  near 
the  principal  streams  the  surface  is  somewhat  hilly  and 
broken,  in  the  north  and  center  it  is  undulating,  and  in 
the  south  and  east  level.  The  soil  is  everywhere  rich, 
and  well  adapted  to  corn,  wheat,  grass,  fruit,  etc.  There 
are  several  fine  prairies  in  the  north,  and  occasionally 
barrens  or  oak  openings,  but  two  thirds  of  the  county 
Was  originally  covered  with  heavy  forests.  The  county 


84  INDIANA. 

exports  amply  of  wheat  and  corn,  and  hogs,  cattle,  and 
horses  are  annually  driven  to  market  in  great  numbers. 
The  principal  streams  are  Sugar  creek,  Big  and  Little 
Raccoon  creeks,  and  there  are  numerous  others  of  smaller 
dimensions  ;  these  all  form  excellent  mill  sites.  In  1850 
Montgomery  contained  2,971  dwellings,  3,009  families, 
18,084  inhabitants,  1,880  farms,  and  87  productive  estab- 
lishments. It  is  connected  with  La  Fayette  by  railroad, 
which  will  probably  be  continued  southward,  intersecting 
several  other  lines,  on  its  way  to  New  Albany.  CRAW- 
FORDS  VILLE,  at  which  is  located  TV  abash  College  and  a 
female  institute  of  a  high  order,  is  the  county  seat. 

MORGAN  county,  organized  1818,  contains  453  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Hendricks  and  Marion, 
east  by  Johnson,  south  by  Brown  and  Monroe,  and  west 
by  Owen  and  Putnam.  The  west  fork  of  White  river  in- 
tersects this  county  in  a  direction  northeast  and  southwest, 
and  is  navigable  throughout,  and  the  country  is  drained 
by  White  Lick,  Mill,  Big  Indian,  Stott's,  and  other  creeks. 
About  one  half  the  surface  is  river  and  creek  bottoms,  and 
where  these  terminate  there  is  generally  a  line  of  hills. 
Back  from  these  the  land  becomes  undulating  or  level.  In  the 
feouth,  adjoining  Monroe,  is  a  very  hilly  and  broken  region, 
yet  the  soil  is  here  excellent,  and,  when  divested  of  its 
covering  of  timber,  produces  the  best  crops.  No  part  of 
the  state,  indeed,  is  more  generally  favorable  for  agricul- 
ture than  Monroe.  The  principal  crop  is  corn,  but  all 
other  grains  thrive  well.  The  exports,  via  the  White 
river  and  the  Martinsville  railroad,  are  considerable,  and 
will  rapidly  be  increased  from  the  facilities  now  offered 
to  transportation.  In  1850  the  county  contained  2,401 
dwellings  and  families,  14,596  inhabitants,  1,392  farms, 
and  14  productive  establishments.  MARTINSVILLE,  about 
one  mile  east  of  White  river,  is  the  county  seat. 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  85 

NOBLE  county,  organized  1838,  contains  432  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  La  Grange,  east  by  De 
Kalb,  south  by  Allen  and  Whitley,  and  west  by  Kosciusko 
and  Elkhart.  The  principal  water-courses  are  Elkhart 
river  and  Tippecanoe  river.  The  surface  is  much  diversi- 
fied, some  portions  being  nearly  level,  and  others  rolling 
or  hilly,  and  about  one  half  is  timber  covered,  the  residue 
being  barrens  intermixed  with  prairies.  The  soil  is  gene- 
rally a  dark  loam,  with  clay  or  sand,  or  both,  in  various 
proportions.  Lakes  are  numerous,  but  small.  ,  Iron  ore 
is  abundant.  In  1850  the  county  contained  1,395  dwell- 
ings, 1,402  families,  7,946  inhabitants,  772  farms,  and  Itf 
productive  establishments.  ALBION  is  the  county  seat. 

OHIO  county,  organized  1844,  contains  92  square  miles, 
and  is  the  smallest  in  the  state.  It  is  bounded  north  by 
Dearborn,  east  by  the  Ohio  river,  south  by  Switzerland? 
and  west  by  Ripley.  The  face  of  the  country,  except  some 
large  and  fine  bottoms  on  the  Ohio  and  Laughery,  is  very 
hilly,  but  the  soil  is  uniformly  good.  Beech,  ash,  walnut, 
and  sugar  predominate  near  the  streams ;  oak  and  hickory 
in  other  places.  The  farms  are  generally  well  cultivated, 
and  considerable  quantities  both  of  produce  and  stock  are 
annually  exported.  Manufactures  have  also  made  great 
progress.  In  1850  the  county  contained,  946  dwellings, 
962  families,  5,308  inhabitants,  386  farms,  and  34  produc- 
tive establishments.  RISING  SUN  is  the  county  seat. 

ORANGE  county,  organized  1816,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Lawrence,  east  by  Wash- 
ington, south  by  Crawford,  and  west  by  Dubois  and  Mar- 
tin. The  county  is  drained  by  Lost  creek,  Lick  creek, 
and  Patoka  creek,  all  which  afford  excellent  mill  power. 
In  the  south  the  surface  is  hilly  and  broken,  abounding  in 
fine  springs ;  in  the  north  it  is  undulating.  Three  fifths 
of  the  county  is  upland,  well  timbered  with  oak,  hickory, 
8 


00  INDIANA. 

poplar,  ash,  walnut,  cherry,  sugar,  and  beech;  the  resi- 
due is  about  equally  rich  bottoms  or  barrens.  Grazing  is 
here  a  principal  occupation.  The  staples  are  corn,  wheat, 
and  rye.  There  are  several  sinks  and  caverns  in  this 
county,  which  has  limestone  mostly  for  its  basis.  In  1850 
Orange  contained  1,841  dwellings,  1,846  families,  10,809 
inhabitants,  1,118  farms,  and  8  productive  establishments. 
PAOLI  is  the  county  seat. 

OWEJV  county,  organized  1818,  contains  396  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Putnam,  east  by  Morgan 
and  Monroe,  south  by  Greene,  and  west  by  Clay.  The 
west  fork  of  White  river  and  its  tributaries  drain  the  prin- 
cipal portion  of  the  county,  and  afford  fine  mill  sites.  Eel 
river,  also,  has  immense  water-power.  The  surface  is 
generally  undulating  or  rolling,  and  the  soil  is  excellent, 
with  a  thick  growth  of  timber.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are 
found  in  great  abundance.  In  1850  the  county  contained 
2,000  dwellings,  2,002  families,  12,106  inhabitants,  1,142 
farms,  and  26  productive  establishments.  SPENCER,  on 
the  west  bank  of  White  river,  is  the  county  seat. 

PARKE  county,  organized  1821,  contains  440  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Fountain  and  Montgomery, 
east  by  Putnam,  south  by  Clay  and  Vigo,  and  west  by 
Vermilion.  The  Wabash  river  forms  its  western  boun- 
dary, and  a  number  of  fine  streams  falling  into  it,  drain 
the  whole  county  ;  these  are  Big  Raccoon,  Little  Raccoon, 
Leatherwood,  and  Sugar  creeks.  Two  thirds  of  the  sur- 
face is  either  level  or  slightly  undulating,  and  occasionally 
hills  appear,  but  of  no  great  elevation.  The  greater  por- 
tion was  originally  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  a 
black  loam,  with  sand  intermixed,  and  remarkably  fertile. 
Beds  of  coal  and  iron  ore  of  great  extent  exist  throughout 
the  county.  The  products  are  immense,  and  the  exports 
of  both  grain  and  live  stock  commensurate.  The  Wabash 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  87 

and  Erie  canal  traverses  this  county.  In  1850  Parke  con- 
tained 2,468  dwellings,  2,472  families,  14,968  inhabitants, 
1,390  farms,  and  63  productive  establishments.  ROCK- 
VILLE  is  the  county  seat. 

PERRY  county,  organized  1814,  contains  400  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Dubois  and  Crawford,  east 
by  Crawford  and  the  Ohio  river,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and 
west  by  Spencer  and  Dubois.  This  county  is  drained  by  An- 
derson's, Deer,  Bear,  Oil,  and  Poison  creeks,  which  empty 
into  the  Ohio  river.  With  the  exception  of  the  Ohio  bottoms, 
and  some  few  other  strips,  the  surface  is  very  hilly ;  and  with 
these  exceptions  the  soil  is  of  an  indifferent  fertility,  yet  no 
part  of  the  county  is  absolutely  worthless.  The  finest  of  oak 
and  poplar  is  found  on  the  hills,  and  in  the  bottoms  sugar, 
beech,  ash,  and  walnut  preponderate.  Large  quantities 
of  wood  and  coal  are  furnished  to  steamboats  on  the  Ohio 
river,  and  a  considerable  quantity  of  garden  produce, 
grown  chiefly  in  the  bottoms,  is  sent  to  the  neighboring 
markets.  The  interior  furnishes  little  or  no  surplus. 
Cannelton,  an  important  manufacturing  town,  is  located 
in  this  county,  on  the  Ohio  river,  and  is  famous  for  its 
coal  (from  which  it  takes  its  name),  and  it  has  several 
large  cotton  mills,  employing  many  hands;  and  in  this 
connection  it  is  probable  that  the  place  will  ultimately 
become  the  seat  of  operations  more  extensive  than  in  any 
other  portion  of  the  state.  It  is  also  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing pottery,  for  which  it  has  abundance  of  material. 
In  1850  the  county  contained  1,231  dwellings,  1,250  fami- 
lies, 7,268  inhabitants,  540  farms,  and  14  productive 
establishments.  ROME,  on  the  Ohio,  is  the  county  seat. 

PIKE  county,  organized  1816,  contains  338  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Knox  and  Daviess,  east  by  Du- 
bois, south  by  Warrick  and  Gibson,  and  west  by  Gibson. 
It  lies  immediately  south  of  the  east  fork  of  White  river, 


88  INDIANA. 

which  forms  its  north  limit.  Patoka  creek  traverses  it 
centrally,  and  there  are  other  streams.  The  surface  is 
level  or  gently  undulating,  and  the  soil  a  fine  black  loam, 
mixed  with  sand.  The  bottoms -are  extensive,  and  the 
whole  was  originally  heavily  wooded.  No  county  pro- 
duces more  to  the  acre  than  does  this,  and  hence  its  sur- 
plus is  large.  There  is  a  great  abundance  of  good  coal  in 
this  county.  Water-power  for  milling  is  deficient,  but 
both  White  river  and  Patoka  may  at  times  be  navigated, 
and  the  canal,  which  will  soon  be  completed,  will  foster 
the  onward  progress  of  every  species  of  improvement  and 
industry.  Near  Petersburgh  there  is  an  Indian  mound, 
in  times  long  past  used  as  a  place  of  sepulture  by  the 
aborigines,  and  still  so  used  by  the  present  generation. 
The  county  contains  1,261  dwellings  and  families,  7,720 
inhabitants,  909  farms,  and  2  productive  establishments. 
PETERSBURGH,  one  mile  south  of  White  river,  and  four 
and  a  half  miles  below  the  junction  of  its  forks,  is  the 
county  seat. 

PORTER  county,  organized  1836,  contains  415  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Lake  Michigan,  east  by 
La  Porte  and  Starke,  south  by  Jasper,  and  west  by  Lake 
With  the  exception  of  the  lake  shore  hills,  the  surface  of 
the  country  is  gently  undulating  or  level,  with  marshes 
on  the  Kankakee.  The  soil  is  good,  and  well  adapted  to 
wheat  growing  or  grazing.  About  one  fourth  is  tim- 
bered, with  oak,  walnut,  poplar,  pine,  maple,  butternut, 
and  beech;  one  third  barren,  and  the  residue  prairie  or 
bottom  lands.  There  are  several  small  lakes  in  the 
county;  the  northern  streams  are  Calumic  river,  Coffee 
creek,  and  Salt  creek,  and  there  are  several  creeks  in  the 
interior.  The  Northern  Indiana  railroad  traverses  through 
the  northern  parts.  In  1850  the  county  contained  885 
dwellings  and  families,  5,234  inhabitants,  467  farms,  and 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY. 

13  productive  establishments.  VALPARAISO  is  the  county 
Beat. 

POSEY  county,  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  state,  or- 
ganized 1814,  contains  420  square  miles,  and  is  bounded 
north  by  Gibson,  east  by  Gibson  and  Vanderburg,  south 
by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Wabash  river.  Big  Creek 
and  Flat  Creek  are  the  principal  interior  streams.  The 
surface  is  generally  level  or  undulating,  but  some  parts 
are  hilly.  There  is  little  prairie  or  barrens.  The  bot- 
toms are  extensive  and  well  wooded.  The  soil  is  every- 
where good ;  in  some  parts  exceedingly  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces a  large  surplus  for  export.  A  great  number  of 
mounds  exist  in  different  parts,  and  on  the  Wabash, 
twelve  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  the  mound  called  "  Bone 
Bank,"  in  which  many  relics  of  a  "  former  race"  have 
been  discovered  ;  and  the  "  Causeway,"  above  Mount  Ver- 
non,  an  ancient  fortification,  is  a  remarkable  construction, 
and  indicative  of  a  civilization  which  never  existed  in  the 
present  race  of  Indians.  In  1850  this  county  contained 
2,260  dwellings,  2,278  families,  12,549  inhabitants,  1,9.70 
farms,  and  26  productive  establishments.  MOUJVT  VER- 
NON,  on  the  Ohio  river,  sixteen  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
the  Wabash,  is  the  county  seat.  New  Harmony,  on  the 
Wabash,  fifty  miles  from  its  entrance,  is  remarkable  for 
its  history  and  social  system. 

PULASKI  county,  organized  1839,  contains  342  square 
miles ,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Starke ,  east  by  Fulton ,  south 
by  Cass  and  White,  and  west  by  Jasper.  The  Tippecanoe 
runs  through  the  county  from  north  to  south,  and  be- 
sides this  there  are  several  other  streams.  The  surface 
is  generally  level,  though  there  are  sand  ridges  in  some 
parts.  About  one  half  the  county  is  prairie,  and  the  other 
oak  openings  or  barrens  ;  much  of  it  is  heavily  timbered. 
The  soil  is  a  black  loam,  mixed  with  sand,  and  occasionally 


90  INDIANA. 

with  marl.  The  bottoms  of  the  Tippecanoe  are  exceed- 
ingly rich  and  productive.  In  1850  the  county  contained 
454  dwellings  and  families,  2,595  inhabitants,  and  286 
farms.  WINAMAC,  on  the  norttiwest  bank  of  Tippecanoe 
river,  is  the  county  seat. 

PUTNAM  county,  organized  1821,  contains  486  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Montgomery,  east  by  Hen- 
dricks  and  Morgan,  south  by  Owen  and  Clay,  and  west  by 
Clay  and  Parke.  The  Walnut  fork  of  Eel  river,  Big  Rac- 
coon creek,  and  Deer  creek  afford  excellent  mill  sites,  and  • 
there  are  many  other  smaller  streams  of  pure  water.  The 
surface  in  the  north  and  east  is  either  level  or  undulating, 
and  inclined  to  be  wet ;  in  the  center  and  southwest  it  is 
more  rolling,  and,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  streams,  generally 
hilly.  The  prevailing  timber  is  beech,  sugar,  walnut,  ash , 
oak,  and  poplar.  The  soil  is  a  black  loam,  clayey  and 
calcareous,  well  adapted  for  both  grain  and  grass,  and, 
perhaps,  no  body  of  land  of  like  extent  has*  so  little  waste. 
Limestone  is  the  principal  rock.  Considerable  produce, 
with  timber,  hogs,  cattle,  etc.,  is  annually  exported.  In 
1850  there  were  in  the  county  3.088  dwellings,  3,094  fami- 
lies, 18,615  inhabitants,  1,696  farms,  and  42  productive 
establishments.  GREENCASTLE,  situated  on  a  high  table 
land,  one  mile  east  of  Walnut  fork,  and  the  location  of 
Ashbury  University,  is  the  county  seat.  The  Terre  Haute 
and  Indianapolis  railroad  passes  through  this  town,  also 
the  extension  of  the  New  Albany  and  Salem  railroad. 

RANDOLPH  county,  organized  1818,  containing  440  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jay,  east  by  the  Ohio  state 
line,  south  by  Wayne,  and  west  by  Henry  and  Delaware. 
The  principal  water  courses  are  the  west  fork  of  White 
river  and  the  Mississinewa  river,  with  their  tributaries, 
which  furnish  excellent  mill  privileges.  The  surface  is 
generally  level,  and  in  localities  wet  and  marshy,  but  it  is 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  91 

about  the  highest  land  in  the  state,  and  the  source  of 
rivers  running  in  all  directions.  There  are  no  barrens,  and 
but  few  prairies.  Timber  is  plentiful.  Near  Winchester 
there  is  a  regular  earth-wall,  inclosing  about  20  acres, 
with  a  high  mound  in  the  center,  and  the  appearance  of  a 
gate  at  the  southwest  corner.  In  1850  there  were  in  the 
county  2,513  dwellings,  2,539  families,  14,725  inhabitants, 
1,477  farms,  and  12  productive  establishments.  WIN- 
CHESTER, on  the  south  side  of  White  river,  is  the  county 
seat.  Indianapolis  and  Bellefontaine  railroad  passes 
through  it. 

RIPLEY  county,  organized  1818,  contains  440  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Decatur  and  Franklin, 
east  by  Dearborn  and  Ohio,  south  by  Switzerland  and 
Jefferson,  and  west  by  Jennings.  Laughery  creek  and 
Graham's  creek  are  the  principal  streams.  The  county  is 
level,  and  was  originally  timbered;  but  on  the  streams  it 
is  hilly.  The  bottoms  are  small ;  the  uplands  are  gener- 
ally wet,  being  based  on  an  impervious  blue  limestone,; 
but  the  soils,  where  drained,  are  very  fertile.  A  consid- 
erable surplus  of  products,  with  hogs,  cattle,  etc.,  is  ex- 
ported. In  1850  the  county  contained  2,667  dwellings, 
2,689  families,  14,820  inhabitants,  1,495  farms,  and  49 
productive  establishments.  VERSAILLES,  on  a  high  bluff 
of  Laughery  river,  is  the  county  seat.  The  Lawrence- 
burg  and  Greensburg  railroad  passes  through  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  county,  and  the  line  of  the  projected  rail- 
road, from  Cincinnati  to  St.  Louis,  traverses  it  in  a  direc- 
tion east  and  west. 

RUSH  county,  organized  1821,  contains  414  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Hancock  and  Henry,  east 
by  Fayette  and  Franklin,  south  by  Decatur,  and  west  by 
Shelby  and  Hancock.  Big  and  Little  Blue,  and  Big  and 
Little  Flat  Rock  creeks,  are  the  principal  water-courses. 


92  INDIANA. 

The  surface  is  level  or  moderately  rolling.  The  land  is 
finely  timbered  with  poplar,  walnut,  oak,  ash,  and  hick- 
ory, and  the  soils  loam  on  clay,  mixed  with  sand.  Great 
improvements  have  been  made  in  this  county  of  late,  and 
its  surplus  products  have  been  largely  exported.  In  1850 
Rush  contained  2,824  dwellings,  2,839  families,  16,445  in- 
habitants, 1,809  farms,  and  59  productive  establishments. 
RUSHVILLE,  on  the  northwest  bank  of  Flat  Rock,  is  the 
county  seat,  and  is  connected  with  Shelbyville,  etc.,  by 
railroad. 

ST.  JOSEPH  county,  organized  1830,  contains  468  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Michigan  state  line,  east 
by  Elkhart,  south  by  Marshall  and  La  Porte,  and  west  by 
La  Porte.  St.  Joseph  river  is  the  principal  water-course, 
and  is  navigable  to  South  Bend ;  and  the  upper  course 
of  the  Kankakee  drains  the  southwest  portion — these, 
with  numerous  creeks,  chiefly  falling  into  the  St.  Joseph, 
supply  abundant  milling  facilities.  Except  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  rivers,  where  the  land  is  rolling,  the  surface  of  the 
country  is  almost  level.  The  southeast  portion  is  mostly 
forest-land,  and  the  residue  oak-openings  with  some  small 
prairies.  The  soils  are  abundantly  fertile,  and  agricul- 
ture is  in  a  very  flourishing  condition.  Wheat  is  the  prin- 
cipal crop.  At  South  Bend  and  Mishawaka  several  man- 
ufactures are  carried  on,  and  in  these  neighborhoods,  as 
well  as  in  other  parts  of  the  county,  iron  ore  of  a  good 
quality  abounds.  Few  counties  have  better  facilities  for 
transportation;  besides  its  navigable  river,  it  has  now 
passing  through  it  the  Northern  railroad,  which  connects 
it  with  Chicago  and  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
also  with  the  whole  system  of  roads  to  the  eastward.  In 
1850  the  county  contained  1,885  dwellings  and  families, 
0,654  inhabitants,  847  farms,  and  45  productive  estab- 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  93 

lishments.  SOUTH' BEND,  on  St.  Joseph's  river,  is  the 
county  seat. 

SCOTT  county,  organized  1817,  contains  200  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jackson  and  Jennings, 
east  by  Jefferson,  south  by  Clarke,  and  west  by  Washing- 
ton. Its  chief  water-courses  are  the  Muscatatuck  on  the 
north  border,  Stucker's  fork,  Kimberlin's  creek,  Pigeon, 
Rooster,  and  Ox's  fork.  In  the  east  the  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  rolling ;  westward  there  are  beech  and  oak 
flats,  fit  only  for  grass,  and  a  small  part  of  the  west  is 
hilly.  The  prevailing  timbers  are  beech,  oak,  hickory, 
and  gum.  Good  building  materials  are  abundant,  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Lexington  are  numerous  salt  springs.  The 
Jeffersonville  and  Columbus  railroad  passes  north  and  south 
through  the  county.  In  I860  Scott  contained  1,040  dwell- 
ings, 1,047  families,  5,885  inhabitants,  719  farms,  and  14 
productive  establishments.  LEXINGTON  is  the  county 
seat. 

SHELBY  county,  organized  1821,  contains  408  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Hancock,  east  by  Rush 
and  Decatur,  south  by  Decatur  and  Bartholomew,  and 
west  by  Johnson  and  Marion.  Sugar  creek,  the  east  fork 
of  White  river,  Big  and  Little  Blue  rivers,  and  Flat  Rock 
creek,  are  its  principal  water-courses.  The  surface  is 
level  and  well  timbered,  with  ample  river  bottoms,  which 
are  backed  by  hills  forty  to  fifty  feet  high.  The  soil  is 
underlaid  with  clay,  and  requires  considerable  draining. 
Beech,  oak,  and  hickory  predominate  in  the  uplands, 
while  the  prevailing  timbers  in  the  bottoms  are  walnut, 
ash,  hackberry,  etc.  The  farming  interest  is  here  pros- 
perous, and  considerable  exports  are  made.  Railroads 
cross  it  in  every  direction.  In  1850  the  county  contain- 
ed 2,721  dwellings,  2,764  families,  15,502  inhabitants, 
1,620  farms,  and  59  productive  establishments.  SHELBY- 


94  INDIANA. 

VILLE,  on  the  southeast  bank  of  Blue  river,  is  the  county 
seat. 

SPENCER  county,  organized  1818,  contains  408  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Dubois,  east  by  Perry, 
south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Warrick.  The 
water-courses  are  Anderson's  creek  on  the  east,  and  Lit- 
tle Pigeon  creek  on  the  west  border,  with  Crooked,  Big 
Sandy,  and  Little  Sandy  creeks,  all  which  flow  into  the 
Ohio  river.  The  surface  on  the  northeast  is  hilly,  other- 
wise it  is  level  or  undulating,  and  the  soil  is  a  black  loam, 
very  rich,  and  resting  on  a  stratum  of  yellow  clay  mixed 
more  or  less  with  sand.  Oak,  hickory,  ash,  poplar,  black 
gum,  walnut,  sugar,  beech,  etc.,  are  the  prevailing  forest 
growths.  The  bottoms  yield  immense  crops  of  corn,  and 
in  the  interior,  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  etc.,  thrive  well. 
These  and  live  stock  are  exported  largely.  Coal  is  abund- 
ant. In  1850  the  county  contained  1,485  dwellings,  1,488 
families,  8,616  inhabitants,  988  farms,  and  28  productive 
establishments.  ROCKPORT,  situated  on  a  high  bluff  on 
the  Ohio  river,  is  the  county  seat.  It  derives  its  name 
from  a  hanging  rock,  known  to  boatmen  as  "  Lady  Wash- 
ington Rock" 

STARK  county,  laid  off  1837,  contains  432  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  La  Porte,  east  by  Marshall,  south 
by  Pulaski,  and  west  by  Jasper  and  Porter.  It  is  situated 
mostly  on  the  marshes  of  Kankakee  river,  which  passes 
through  it  in  a  northeast  and  southwest  direction,  and 
but  a  small  portion  of  the  county  is  valuable  except  for 
grazing.  In  1850  it  contained  100  dwellings,  101  families, 
557  inhabitants,  and  53  farms.  KNOX  is  the  county  seat. 

STEUBEX  county,  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  state, 
organized  1837,  contains  324  square  miles,  and  is  bounded 
north  by  the  Michigan  state  line,  east  by  that  of  Ohio, 
south  by  De  Kalb,  and  west  by  La  Grange.  The  princi 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  95 

pal  streams  are  Pigeon  river,  and  Crooked  and  Fish  creeks ; 
and  there  are  several  small  lakes  within  its  limits.  About 
one  half  the  surface  is  timber-land,  one  sixth  barrens  or 
oak  openings,  and  one  tenth  prairie ;  the  first  and  last 
are  excellent  farming  lands,  but  the  barrens  have  a  poorer 
soil.  Its  diversified  woodlands,  oak  openings,  and  prairies, 
interspersed  with  small,  clear  lakes,  present  scenes  of 
exquisite  beauty.  The  principal  product  is  wheat,  a  sur- 
plus of  which  is  annually  exported.  In  1850  Steuben 
contained  1,109  dwellings  and  families,  6,104  inhabitants, 
586  farms,  and  28  productive  establishments.  ANGOLA, 
twelve  miles  from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  state,  is 
the  county  seat. 

SULLIVAN  county,  organized  1816,  contains  430  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Vigo,  east  by  Clay  and 
Greene,  south  by  Knox,  and  west  by  Wabash  river.  Its 
interior  water-courses  are  Turman's  creek,  Turtle  creek, 
and  Busseron  creek,  on  which  numerous  mills  are  located. 
The  surface  is  generally  level,  and  heavily  timbered  with 
oak,  walnut,  poplar,  ash,  pecan,  beech,  and  sugar.  The 
bottoms  and  prairies  occupy  a  comparatively  small  extent. 
Every  part  is  sufficiently  fertile,  and  many  sections  are 
very  productive.  Its  exports  consist  chiefly  of  corn,  with 
hogs  and  some  cattle.  Coal  is  found  in  abundance,  and, 
altogether,  Sullivan  is  one  of  the  richest  and  best  situated 
counties  in  the  state.  In  1850,  it  contained  1,675  dwell- 
ings, 1,678  families,  10,141  inhabitants,  1,215  farms,  and 
31  productive  establishments.  SULLIVAN  is  the  county 
seat;  Car  lisle,  however,  is  the  largest  and  most  import- 
ant town. 

SWITZERLAND  county,  organized  1814,  contains  216 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Ripley  and  Ohio, 
east  and  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Jefferson. 
Log,  Lick,  Indian,  Plum,  Brian's,  and  Grant's  creeks, 


96  INDIANA. 

flowing  into  the  Ohio  river,  drain  the  county.  Large  and 
fine  bottoms  line  the  margins  of  the  Ohio  ;  the  hills  back 
from  these  rise  to  the  height  of  400  or  500  feet,  and  further 
back  a  high  table-land  is  reached.  The  soil  is  every- 
where good,  and  there  are  some  of  the  best  farms  in  the 
state  -within  this  county.  Large  quantities  of  produce  are 
shipped  off  annually,  chiefly  to  the  south.  Mills  are  nu- 
merous, and  many  worked  by  steam.  In  1850  Switzerland 
contained  2,254  dwellings  and  families,  12,932  inhabitants, 
1,270  farms,  and  79  productive  establishments.  VEVAY, 
on  the  Ohio,  is  the  county  seat.  This  county  takes  its 
name  from  the  fact  of  its  having  been  colonized  by  a  body 
of  Swiss  emigrants,  from  Vevay,  under  the  guidance  of  J. 
J.  Dufour,  who  settled  here  for  the  purpose  of  planting 
the  vine,  in  1813.  The  descendants  of  the  original  colo- 
nists still  form  the  bulk  of  the  population. 

TIPPECANOE  county,  organized  1826,  contains  504  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  White  and  Carroll,  east  by 
Carroll  and  Clinton,  south  by  Montgomery,  and  west  by 
Fountain,  Warren,  and  Benton.  The  water-courses  are 
the  Wabash  river,  which  traverses  the  county  from  north- 
east to  southwest,  the  Tippecanoe  river,  which  enters  the 
Wabash  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  county,  and  a  num- 
ber of  smaller  streams,  as  the  Wild  Cat,  the  Wea,  Bur- 
nett's creek,  etc.  These  streams  furnish  excellent  mill 
sites,  and  the  Wabash  is  navigable.  The  surface  is  gently 
undulating,  or  spread  out  into  extensive  level  tracts.  Along 
the  Wabash  the  country  is  hilly.  One  half  the  county  is 
prairie,  otae  tenth  bottoms,  and  the  residue  well  timbered  up- 
land. The  soil  is  generally  a  rich  black  loam,  two  to  four 
feet  deep,  on  a  stratum  of  clay,  but  on  some  of  the  prairies 
it  is  light  and  sandy.  Agriculture  is  in  a  flourishing  con- 
dition, and  it  is  estimated  that  the  surplus  produce  ex- 
ported is  annually  worth  nearly  $1,000,000.  Flour,  wheat, 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  97 

hemp,  the  produce  of  the  hog,  etc.,  are  the  great  staples. 
In  many  parts  manufactures  are  springing  up.  The  inter- 
ests of  the  county  have  been  greatly  enhanced  by  vast 
internal  improvements.  The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  tra- 
verses it,  and  there  are  railroads  constructed  from  Lafay- 
ette to  Indianapolis,  and  also  to  Crawfordsville.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  3,227  dwellings  and  families,  19,377 
inhabitants,  1,377  farms,  and  204  productive  establish- 
ments. LAFAYETTE,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Wabash 
river,  and  on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal,  also  the  termi- 
nus of  railroads  to  Indianapolis  and  Crawfordsville,  is  the 
county  seat.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  our  west- 
ern cities.  The  "  Battle  of  Tippecanoe,"  so  famous  in  In- 
dian history,  was  fought  in  this  county. 

TIPTON  county,  organized  1844,  contains  264  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Howard,  east  by  Grant 
and  Madison,  south  by  Hamilton,  and  west  by  Clinton. 
The  surface  is  chiefly  level,  and  well  timbered,  and  the 
soil  suitable  for  every  kind  of  crops.  The  water-courses 
are  Cicero  creek  and  Duck  creek,  which  run  south  into 
White  river  and  Wild  Cat  creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Wabash. 
These  drain  the  whole  county,  but,  on  account  of  its  flat- 
ness, are  inadequate  as  mill  streams.  The  improvements  in 
this  county  are  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal  and  the  Indiana- 
polis and  Peru  railroad,  which  will  contribute  largely  to 
its  settlement  and  prosperity.  Until  the  period  of  its  or- 
ganization, it  constituted  a  portion  of  the  "  Miami  Re- 
serve," and  hence  was  a  wilderness.  In  1850  it  contained 
627  dwellings  and  families,  3,532  inhabitants,  339  farms, 
and  1  productive  establishment.  TIPTON,  formerly  called 
Canton,  situated  on  a  branch  of  Cicero  creek  and  on  the 
railroad  from  Indianapolis  to  Peru,  is  the  county  seat. 

UNION  county,  organized  1821, contains  168  square  miles, 

and  is  bounded  north  by  Wayne,  east  by  the  Ohio  state 

9 


98  INDIANA. 

line,  south  by  Franklin,  and  west  by  Fayette.  In  the  east 
the  surface  is  level ;  in  the  west  undulating  or  hilly.  Seven 
eighths  of  the  county  are  timbered  upland,  on  which  beech, 
sugar,  poplar,  oak,  walnut,  ash  and  hickory  are  the  growths ; 
the  residue  is  bottoms.  The  principal  streams  are  the  east 
fork  of  White  Water  river,  and  the  creeks  Hannah,  Rock- 
land,  and  Silver  ;  all  which  afford  valuable  mill  sites.  The 
soil  is  uniformly  good,  and  the  farming  interest  in  a  pros- 
perous condition.  Union  county  will  be  crossed  by  rail- 
roads coming  from  Ohio,  and  from  its  proximity  to  Cincin- 
nati will  feel  the  importance  of  such  a  connection  to  its 
material  prosperity.  It  is  already,  however,  a  flourishing 
county,  either  in  reference  to  agriculture,  manufactures, 
or  commerce,  and,  with  due  exertion  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants,  may  become  one  of  the  wealthiest  in  the  state. 
In  1850  it  contained  1,220  dwellings,  1,229  families,  6,944 
inhabitants,  606  farms,  and  35  productive  establishments. 
LIBERTY  is  the  county  seat. 

VANDERBURG  county,  organized  1818,  contains  240 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Gibson,  east  by 
Warrick,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Posey.  The 
principal  water-courses  are  Big  Pigeon  creek,  Blue  Grass 
creek,  Little  Creek,  and  Locust  creek;  all  running  to  the 
Ohio  river.  The  succession  of  bottoms,  hills,  and  table- 
land, characteristic  of  the  other  counties  on  the  Ohio,  is 
here  maintained.  The  bottoms  occupy  about  one  fifth  of 
the  whole  surface,  are  very  rich,  and  produce  immense 
quantities  of  corn  for  export.  The  land  beyond  the  hills 
is  undulating  or  rolling,  and,  if  not  as  rich  as  the  bottoms, 
produces  abundantly.  The  total  value  of  the  exports  for 
the  county  is  estimated  at  nearly  $1 ,000,000  annually.  Coal 
and  iron  are  abundant.  In  1850  there  were  in  the  county 
2,059  dwellings,  2,104  families,  11,414  inhabitants,  743 
farms,  and  76  productive  establishments.  EVANSVILLE, 


COUNTY   TOPOGRAPHY.  99 

on  the  Ohio,  is  the  county  seat.  It  is  an  important  city, 
being  the  south  terminus  of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal, 
which  will  afford  an  interior  navigation  of  459  miles.  Its 
trade  is  already  very  large,  but  this  will  be  immensely 
increased  when  the  canal  is  completed  in  1853. 

VERMILION  county,  organized  1823,  contains  280  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Warren,  east  by  Wabash 
river,  which  separates  it  from  Parke  and  Fountain,  south 
by  Vigo,  and  west  by  the  Illinois  state  line.  It  is  watered 
by  numerous  streams  falling  into  the  river  on  the  eastern 
border.  The  surface  is  high  and  level,  with  some  river 
bluffs,  and  two  thirds  of  the  whole  is  covered  with  fine 
timber.  The  soils  are  excellent,  and  the  produce  of  the 
land  sufficient  to  afford  a  large  export.  Coal  is  abundant, 
and  extensive  beds  of  iron  ore  are  found  on  Brouillet's 
creek,  near  which  the  "  Indiana  Furnace"  has  been  estab- 
lished. In  1850  the  county  contained  1,509  dwellings, 
1,522  families,  8,661  inhabitants,  733  farms,  and  46  pro- 
ductive establishments.  NEWPORT,  on  the  south  bank  of 
Little  Vermilion  creek,  two  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  the 
county  seat. 

VIGO  county,  organized  1818,  contains  408  square  miles, 
and  is  bounded  north  by  Vermilion  and  Parke,  east  by 
Clay,  south  by  Sullivan,  and  west  by  the  Illinois  state  line 
and  Wabash  river,  into  which  latter  all  the  water-courses 
from  the  interior  drain  themselves.  The  surface  is  level 
and  gently  undulating,  finely  timbered  generally,  but 
with  some  prairies  of  small  extent.  With  little  excep- 
tion, the  soil  is  rich,  and  produces  fine  crops.  Hogs,  cat- 
tle, and  grain  are  the  staples.  Coal  is  abundant ;  also, 
freestone  and  limestone,  and  it  possesses  great  facilities  in 
respect  of  communication.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wa- 
bash and  Erie  canal,  and  the  East  and  West  railroad 
will  cross  through  it,  as  does  now  the  Great  National  road. 


100  INDIANA. 

Vigo,  with  these  improvements,  will  soon  become  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  counties  of  the  state,  and  an  important 
point  on  an  important  commercial  highway.  In  1850  the 
county  contained  2,645  dwellings,  2,725  families,  15,289 
inhabitants,  1,113  farms,  and  130  productive  establish- 
ments. TERRE  HAUTE,  situated  on  a  high  bank  of  the 
Wabash,  is  the  county  seat.  It  is  much  engaged  in  the 
hog  trade,  and  has  otherwise  a  large  commerce. 

WABASH  county,  organized  1832,  contains  420  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Kosciusko,  east  by  Whit- 
ley  and  Huntington,  south  by  Grant  and  Miami,  and  west 
by  Miami.  The  Wabash  and  Eel  rivers,  with  their  nu- 
merous tributaries,  flow  through  and  drain  this  county, 
and  afford  to  its  inhabitants  great  milling  facilities.  No- 
where hilly,  the  great  portion  of  this  county  is  rolling  or 
undulating,  but  at  the  heads  of  the  streams  there  is  con- 
siderable level  country,  and  the  bottom  lands,  also  level, 
are  somewhat  extensive.  The  greater  part  of  the  county 
was  originally  heavily  wooded,  and  the  soil  is  everywhere 
rich  and  productive.  Hogs  and  corn  are  the  great  staples, 
the  exports  of  which  are  increasing  in  amount  year  by 
year ;  and  since  the  opening  of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  canal, 
the  prosperity  of  the  county  has  ever  been  onward.  In 
1850  it  contained  2,079  dwellings,  2,121  families,  12,138 
inhabitants,  1,068  farms,  and  57  productive  establish- 
ments. WABASH,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  is  the  county  seat. 

WARREN  county,  organized  1828,  contains  360  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Benton,  east  and  south- 
east by  Tippecanoe  and  Fountain,  south  by  Vermilion, 
and  west  by  the  state  line  of  Illinois.  Several  good  mill 
streams,  as  Pine  creek,  Rock  creek,  Redwood  creek,  etc., 
from  the  interior,  fall  into  the  Wabash.  Except  on  the 
Wabash,  on  which  bluffs  bound  an  extensive  bottom-land, 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  101 

the  surface  is  gently  undulating,  ascending  gradually 
toward  the  west.  At  least  half  the  county  is  prairie, 
and  the  residue  woodland,  the  forest  being  much  the 
heaviest  near  the  river.  The  soil  is  generally  good,  some 
of  it  exceedingly  fertile,  and  producing  abundantly  all 
the  growths  of  the  climate.  The  surplus  produce,  con- 
sisting of  grain  and  live  stock,  is  exported  via  the  Wabash 
and  Erie  canal,  which  passes  through  the  county.  Man- 
ufactures of  several  descriptions  have  lately  sprung  up, 
and  prosperity  seems  to  be  attending  every  department  of 
industry ;  indeed,  Warren  may  now  be  considered  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  counties  of  the  state.  In  1850  it 
contained  1,273  dwellings,  1,295  families,  7,387  inhabit- 
ants, 782  farms,  and  18  productive  establishments.  WIL- 
UAMSPORT,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Wabash  river,  is  the 
county  seat.  Much  important  business  is  transacted  at 
this  point. 

WARRICK  county,  organized  1813,  contains  360  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Gibson  and  Pike,  east  by 
Spencer,  south  by  the  Ohio  river,  and  west  by  Vander- 
burg  and  Gibson.  Little  Pigeon  river  and  several  slow 
moving  creeks  drain  the  interior.  With  the  exception  of 
the  Ohio  bottom  lands  and  the  abutting  bluffs,  the  surface 
is  rolling  or  undulating,  but  at  the  head  of  the  Pigeon, 
etc.,  there  are  some  flat  wet  lands.  Immense  quantities 
of  corn  are  produced  in  the  rich  bottoms,  and  much  of  the 
uplands  is  excellent  farming  land,  and  yields  fine  crops  of 
wheat,  corn,  oats,  hay,  etc.,  and  more  tobacco  is  raised  in 
this  county  than  in  any  other.  Coal  is  abundant.  In  1850 
the  county  contained  1,513  dwellings  and  families,  8,811 
inhabitants,  994  farms,  and  22  productive  establishments. 
BOONEVILLE  is  the  county  seat. 

WASHINGTON  county,  organized  1813,  contains  540 
square  miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jackson,  east  by 


102  INDIANA. 

Scott  and  Clarke,  south  by  Harrison  and  Crawford,  and 
west  by  Orange  and  Lawrence.  It  is  watered  by  the  Mus- 
cataituck  and  east  fork  of  White  river  on  the  north  and 
northwest,  Lost  river  on  the  west,  and  by  the  head- waters 
of  Blue  river  on  the  east  and  south.  The  surface  is  more 
diversified  than  that  of  any  other  county,  and  the  scene  is 
ever  varying.  Hills,  levels,  and  undulations  succeed  each 
other  rapidly,  and  the  forest,  prairie,  and  barren  inter- 
mingle strangely.  Sink-holes  leading  to  caverns  below 
are  numerous,  indicating  the  presence  of  a  limestone 
formation  beneath.  The  soils  are  generally  fertile,  how- 
ever, and  supply  a  considerable  surplus  of  grain,  which, 
with  live  stock,  is  the  staple  export.  Manufactures  are 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  progress  has  been 
made  in  almost  every  branch  of  industry.  In  1850  the 
county  contained  2,897  dwellings,  2,954  families,  17,040 
inhabitants,  1,718  farms,  and  83  productive  establishments. 
SALEM,  on  the  New  Albany  and  Salem  railroad,  and  origi- 
nally the  northern  terminus  of  the  line,  is  the  county  seat. 
WAYNE  county,  organized  1810,  contains  420  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Randolph,  east  by  the 
Ohio  state  line,  south  by  Union  and  Fayette,  and  west  by 
Fayette  and  Henry.  The  streams  are  the  east  and  west 
branches  of  White  Water  river,  which,  with  their  nume- 
rous tributaries,  afford  sufficient  water-power.  The  sur- 
face, with  the  exception  of  a  somewhat  hilly  region  in  the 
southeast,  is  either  level  or  pleasantly  rolling.  Dense 
forests  originally  covered  the  whole  county.  The  soil  is 
a  rich  loam,  bedded  on  clay,  and  is  well  adapted  for  wheat, 
corn,  and  grass  ;  and  such  has  been  the  skill  and  industry 
of  the  settlers,  that  the  county  has  become  in  appearance 
garden-like,  producing  in  abundance  every  variety  of 
grain,  vegetable,  and  fruit,  and  it  exports  largely  of  its 
surplus.  Manufacturing  industry  is  also  in  a  prosperous- 


COUNTY    TOPOGRAPHY.  103 

condition.  In  1850  the  county  contained  4,515  dwellings, 
4,529  families,  25 ,320  inhabitants,  1,934  farms,  and  213 
productive  establishments.  It  is  crossed  east  and  west 
by  the  National  road  and  by  the  railroad  from  Indianapo- 
lis to  Ohio  ;  the  White  Water  canal  also  crosses  its  south- 
west corner.  CE^ERVILLE  is  the  county  seat ;  but  Rich- 
mond, near  the  state  line,  and  on  the  track  of  the  rail- 
road, is  the  most  important  town. 

WELLS  county,  organized  1837,  contains  372  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Allen,  east  by  Adams, 
south  by  Jay  and  Blackford,  and  west  by  Grant  and  Hunt- 
ington.  The  Wabash  river  runs  nearly  through  the  cen- 
ter, and  furnishes  extensive  mill  privileges.  The  surface 
is  level  or  gently  undulating,  well  timbered  with  oak, 
walnut,  ash,  hickory,  beech,  sugar,  etc.,  and  the  soil  is 
uniformly  good.  With  the  exception  of  some  wet  prairie 
and  swamp  land,  the  whole  county  may  be  farmed  advan- 
tageously. Its  settlement,  however,  is  recent,  and,  as  yet. 
it  has  supplied  but  little  to  the  markets.  In  1850  it  con- 
tained 1,021  dwellings  and  families,  6,152  inhabitants,  640 
farms,  and  14  productive  establishments.  BLUFFTON,  on 
the  Wabash,  is  the  county  seat. 

WHITE  county,  organized  1834,  contains  504  square 
miles,  and  is  bounded  north  by  Jasper  and  Pulaski,  east 
by  Cass  and  Carroll,  south  by  Tippecanoe,  and  west  by 
Benton  and  Jasper.  The  Tippecanoe  river  is  the  princi- 
pal water-course,  and,  besides  this,  the  county  has  several 
streams  of  less  pretensions,  as  Big  and  Little  Metamonong 
creeks,  and  Big,  Spring,  and  Mootses  creeks.  Two  thirds 
of  the  surface  are  prairie,  and,  at  least,  one  half  is  dry  and 
gently  undulating.  The  soil  is  uniformly  rich,  and  the 
forest  growths  of  excellent  quality.  Abundant  crops  are 
produced,  and  a  heavy  surplus  of  wheat,  corn,  and  pork 
are  annually  sent  to  market.  In  1850  there  were  in  the 


104  INDIANA. 

county  821  dwellings,  825  families,  4,761  inhabitants,  458 
farms,  and  10  productive  establishments.  MONTICELLO, 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tippecanoe,  is  the  county  seat. 

WHITLEY  county,  organized  1842,  contains  324  square 
miles,  and  is  bound  north  by  Noble,  east  by  Allen,  south 
by  Huntington,  and  west  by  Wabash  and  Kosciusko.  Eel 
river  runs  through  the  county,  and,  in  its  course,  supplies 
good  mill  power.  The  north  and  middle  portions  are  un- 
dulating, and  in  some  parts  hilly ;  the  south  is  mostly  level. 
The  great  bulk  of  the  county  is  forest  land,  interspersed 
with  small  wet  prairies,  but  there  are  also  considerable 
bottoms  and  barrens.  The  timber  is  of  almost  every  va- 
riety found  in  the  state  ;  and  the  soil  is  generally  a  sandy 
loam,  well  suited  to  general  farming  Wheat,  corn,  and 
grass  thrive  exceedingly  well,  but  as  yet  very  little  sur- 
plus has  been  sent  to  market.  The  Wabash  and  Erie  canal 
touches  its  southeast  corner.  In  1850  the  county  contained 
913  dwellings,  941  families,  5,190  inhabitants,  522  farms, 
and  8  productive  establishments.  COLUMBIA,  on  the  north 
bank  of  Blue  river,  is  the  county  seat. 


REFERENCE  INDEX 

TO 

COLTON'S    MAPS    OF    INDIANA. 


ny  place  mentioned  in  the  INDEX, 

p,  and  from  the  letters  respectively 
:tion,  near  which  the  place  sought  for  will  be  found. 
BiS"  I'laces  wnere  post  offices  are  established   are  marked  thus,  *;  i 
printed  in  CAPITALS,  and  county  seats  in  italics. 


NOTE.— To  find  on  the  map  the  positioi 
observe  the  letters  annexed  to  it  in  the  fi 

trace  lines  to  an  intersection,  near  which  the  p 
"  '  " 


Kef. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Kef. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Mn 

Aberdeen 

Ohio 

Ma 

*  Angola 

Steuben 

Mj 

*Abingdon 

Wayne 

Dp 

*Angostura 

Pike 

Kd 

*Aboite 

Allen 

Kk 

Anguilla 

Clay 

L  d 

Aboite  River 

Allen 

E  i 

*Annapolis 

Parke 

Kk 

Adams 

Decatur 

1    1 

Anthony's  M'ls 

Bartholomew 

Me 

12 

ADAMS 
Adye's  Mills 
Aikman's  Cr'k 

Perry 
Dayfess 

Hp 

i  ii 

Kk 

Applegate's  M. 
Arcadia 
Ardeny 

Orange 
Hamilton 
Decatur 

Ei 

*  Alamo 

Montgomery 

Ei 

*Armiesburg 

Parke 

Lg 

Albany 

Delaware 

Ki 

Arnolds 

Rush 

Kb 

*  Albion 

Noble 

Mm 

Arnold'sCreek 

Ohio 

J  n 

Albion 

Scott 

B  r 

Arthur's  Isl.  F. 

Posey 

Mf 

Alexander 

Adams 

L  b 

*Artic 

De  Kalb 

J  g 

*Alexandria 

Madison 

Kk 

Ashland 

Rush 

Ld 

ALLEN 

J  e 

Ashland 

Wabash 

Mg 

Allensville 

Randolph 

L  j 

*Ashland 

Fayette 

Mn 

*Allensville 

Switzerland 

E  S 

*  Attica 

Fountain 

J  i 

Alfontsville 

Madison 

Lb 

*  Auburn 

De  Kalb 

I  i 

*Allisonville 

Marion 

Hi 

*Augusta 

Marion 

Dr 
Lj 

Alpha 

*Alquina 

Warrick 
Fayette 

M  rn 

Lb 

*Aurora 

*Avilla 

Dearborn 
Noble 

I  f 

*  Alto  Centre 

Howard 

J   in 

*Azalia 

Bartholomew 

Ml 

Alton 

Brown 

Hq 

Alton 

Crawford 

G  f 

Bachelor's  Cr. 

Carroll 

I  f 

America 

Wabash 

Kb 

Back  Creek 

Delaware 

Ff 

*Americus 

Tippecanoe 

il  n 

Back  Creek 

Lawrence 

Ge 

Amesburg 
*Amsterdam 

Parke 
Cass 

K  n 
.(  n 

Bagnes  Creek 
Batch'!  Mill 

Martin 
Jackson 

I   k 

*Amity 

Johnson 

Ha 

Bailey  Town 

Porter 

Fq 

Anderson's  C'k 

Spencer 

F  ] 

*Bainhridgre 

Putnam 

Ef 

Anderson's  Gr. 

Ben  ton 

Ga 

Bald  Hill 

La  Porte 

J  h 

*  Anders  wit  'ion 

Madison 

II  m 

Bale's  Bridge 

Monroe 

Lk 

*  Anderson  v'le 

Franklin 

I   s 

*Ballenger's 

Tipton 

Fl 

Anderton 

Greene 

L  m 

"Eallstown 

Ripley 

106 


REFERENCE    INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Kef. 

Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Dg 

*  Baltimore 

Warren 

lip 

Big  Ben 

Crawford 

Ge 

Barber's  Mill 

Starke 

Kn 

Big  Creek 

Jefferson 

Ln 

*Barboursville 

Jefferson 

Br 

Big  Creek 

Gr 
Hp 

Barger's  Mills 
"Barren 

Perry 
Harrison 

F  r 
Mk 

Big  Creek 
Big  Cedar  Gr. 

White 
Franklin 

He 

Barren 

Cass 

H  b 

Big  Eagle  C'k 

Hamilton 

I  1 

BARTHOLO- 

F  b 

*Bigelow's  M's 

La  Porte 

MEW 

Hk 

Big  Indian  C'k 

Morgan 

Mh 

Bartonia 

Randolph 

F  d 

Big  Metamon- 

Pulaski 

J  d 

Bass  Lake 

Wabash 

ong  Creek 

Mk 

*Bath 

Union 

I)  q 

Big  Pigeon  Cr. 

Warrick 

I  k 

Bayersville 

Johnson 

i-:  t 

Big  Pine  Creek 

Warren 

Fn 

Beach  Creek 

Martin 

K  j 

Big  RaccoonC. 

Parke 

HI 

*Bean  Blossom 

Brown 

F  r 

Big  Sandy  C'k 

Spencer 

Mm 

*Bear  Branch 

Ohio 

F.  £ 

BigShawneeC. 

Fountain 

J  1 

Bear  Creek 

Bartholomew 

(j  a 

"Big  Springs 

La  Porte 

Lk 

Bear  Creek 

Fayette 

Mk 

*Billingsvifle 

Union 

Eh 

Bear  Creek 

Fountain 

1  ;  in 

Black  Creek 

Greene 

I  h 

Bear  Creek 

Hamilton 

F.  n 

Black  Creek 

Knox 

Mf 

*Bear  Creek 

Jay 

L  c 

Black  Creek 

Noble 

Kn 

Bear  Creek 

Jennings 

Kf 

"Blackford 

Blackford 

Er 

Bear  Creek 
Bear  Creek 

Washington 

K  f 
J   k 

BLACKFORD 
Black  HawkV 

Shelby 

D  d 

Beaver  Creek 

Jasper 

[  r 

Bladensburg 

KENTUCKY 

F  o 

Beaver  Creek 

Martin 

O  cr 

Blair's  Mills 

Clinton 

Gd 

Beaver  Creek 

Pulaski 

cS 

"Blairsville 

Posey 

J  e 

"Beaver  Dam 

Kosciusko 

Fi 

Blakesburg 

Putnam 

Dd 

Beaver  Lake 

Jasper 

F  m 

*Bloomfield 

Greene 

Hn 

Beck's  Ferry 

Lawrence 

Mf 

Bloomfield 

Jav 

'Gn 

'Bedford 

Lawrence 

I    c 

Bloomingburg  Fulton 

Le 
Kj 

'Bee  Creek 
*Beech  Grove 

Wells 
Rush 

r.  k 

Mh 

"Blooming  Grj  Franklin 
Blooming  Port'Randolph 

Mj 

*Beechy  Mire 

Union 

G  1 

"Bloomington   Monroe 

Cr 

"Beech  Park 

Posey 

L  h 

*Blountsville 

Henry 

En 

Beersville 

Knox 

Me 

Blue  Creek 

Adams 

Kh 

Bell  Creek 

Delaware 

Mk 

Blue  Creek 

Franklin 

Fb 

Belmont 

La  Porte 

Dq 

Blue  Grass  Cr. 

Vanderburg 

Gj 

"Belleville 

Hendricks 

J    o 

"Blue  Lick 

Clarke 

Mm 

Bellevue 

KENTUCKY 

J  i 

"Blue  Ridge 

Shelby 

K  j 

Ben  Davis'  C'k 

Rush 

J  j 

Blue  River 

Shelby 

Gq 

Bennett's  Mills 

Clinton 

Kc 

Blue  River 

Whitley 

J  p 

"Bennetsville 

Clarke 

Kc 

Blue  River  L. 

Whitley 

Ln 

'Bennington 

Switzerland 

L  c 

"Blnffton 

Wells 

J  b 

'Benton 

Elkhart 

Hn 

'Bogard 

Daviess 

Df 

BENTON 

Br 

Bone  Bank 

Posey 

L  j 

"Bentonville 

Fayette 

II  n 

*Bono 

Lawrence 

Gg 

*Berlin 

Clinton 

Gh 

BOONE 

Eo 

*Berrysville 

Knox 

K  b 

Boone  Grove 

Porter 

I  1 

Bethany 

Bartholomew 

K  q 

*Booncvillc       Warrick 

He 

Bethlehem 

Cass 

Dq 

Boston              ,Warrick 

Ko  I*  Bethlehem 

Clarke 

Mi 

*Boston             Wayne 

I  i  |Bethlehemj 

Hb 

*Bourbon         Marshall 

REFERENCE   INDEX. 


107 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Kef. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

F  k 
I   h 

*  Bowling  Gr. 
'Boxley 

Clay 
Hamilton 

Kd 

L  k 

Bull  Creek 
Bull  Town 

Huntington 
Franklin 

Li 

Boyd's 

Henry 

I  f 

Bunker  Hill 

Er 
J  c 

Boyd's  Mills 
*Boydston  M's 

Spencer 
Kosciusko 

Fq 
I    n 

Burdett's  Mills 
Surge's  Ferry 

Perry 
Washington 

Do 

*BracevilIe 

Knox 

II  f 

'Burlington 

Carroll 

i  q 

'Bradford 

Harrison 

[    h 

Burlington 

Delaware 

J  j 

'Brandywine 

Shelby 

K  j 

Burlington 

Rush 

Ek 

'Brazil 

Clay 

E  f 

Burnett's 

Tippecanoe 

Hb 

*Bremen 

Marshall 

F  f 

Burnett's  Cr'k 

Tippecanoe 

F  1 

Brentonsville 

Owen 

G  e 

'Burnett's  Cr. 

White 

Mn 

Brian's  Creek 

Switzerland 

I)  k 

Burnett's  Mills 

Vigo 

I   a 

Bridgeport 

Elkhart 

<;  e 

Burnettsville 

Carroll 

Hj 

*  Bridgeport 

Marion 

Kb 

'BurrOak 

Noble 

F  q 

Bridgeport 

Perry 

F  J 

'Burton 

Parke 

Mm 

'Bright 

Dearborn 

I)  m 

Busseron  Cr'k 

Sullivan 

K  a 

'Brighton 

La  Grange 

L  b 

'Butler 

De  Kalb 

Fg 

*Bringham's  G 

Tippecanoe 

K  m 

Buzroen's  M'ls 

Sullivan 

J  1 

*Bristol 

Elkhart 

J   P 

Buzzardsville 

Madison 

I  j 

Ma 

'Broad  Ripple 
Brockville 

Marion 
Steuben 

f:  g 

(4  a 

Byre's  Mills 
'Byron 

Clinton 
La  Porte 

Ed 
Ln 

*Brook 
Brooksburg 

Jasper 
Jefferson 

J  a 

'Cabin  Hill 

Elkhart 

Mk 

*Brooksville 

Franklin 

Ki 

'Cadiz 

Henry 

DJ 

Brouellet  Cr'k 

Vermilion 

D  m 

Caledonia 

Sullivan 

III 

BROWN 

Kd 

Calf  Creek 

Huntington 

Hi 

*Brownsburg 

Hendricks 

F  a 

Calumet 

Porter 

I  n 

*Broumstown 

Jackson 

F  a 

Calumet  River 

Porter 

F  i 
Mj 

Brownsville 
'Brownsville 

Montgomery 
Union 

I.  h 
L  i 

Calvin  Creek 
'Cambridge  C. 

Randolph 
Wayne 

Ek 

Brownsville 

Vigo 

Gf 

'Camden 

Carroll 

Dn 

'Bruceville 

Knox 

Lf 

^amden 

Jay 

E'i 

'Bruen's  X  R. 

Parke 

Ki 

^amp  Creek 

Clarke 

Fj 

*Brunerstown 

Putnam 

Kn 

Camp  Creek 

Jefferson 

La 
Kn 

'Brushy  Prair. 
*Bryansburg 

La  Grange 
Jefferson 

Hk 

r  c 

Camp  Creek 
*Camp  Creek 

Johnson 
Kosciusko 

Hn 

'Bryantaville 

Lawrence 

i  p 

Camp  Run 

Dlarke 

J  f 

Buck  Creek 

Grant 

[>  g 

Campbell's  Cr. 

Delaware 

Fm 

'Buck  Creek 

Greene 

£  in 

*Cana 

Jennings 

Ka 

Buck  Creek 

La  Grange 

'Canaan 

Jefferson 

I  j 

Buck  Creek 

Shelby 

J    0 

^ane  Run 

Clarke 

Ff 

Buck  Creek 

Tippecanoe 

K  g 

Danesville 

Grant 

Cp 

*Buckskin 

Gibson 

F  r 

'Cannelton 

Perry 

Lk 

Buena  Vista 

Franklin 

I     0 

'Canton 

Washington 

I  h 

Buena  Vista 

Hamilton 

r,  k 

Carison's  Cr. 

Fayette 

Kn 

'Buena  Vista 

Jefferson 

Dm 

'Carlisle 

Sullivan 

Do 

Buena  Vista 

Knox 

KJ 

Carmel 

Rush 

Gn 

Buena  Vista 

Monroe 

I   h 

'Carmel 

Hamilton 

Gc 

Buena  Vista 

Pulaski 

?  i 

Carpentersb'g 

Putnam 

J    0 

Buena  Vista 

Washington 

E  e 

Carpenter's  C. 

Jasper 

I  m 

Buffalo 

Brown 

G  e 

*Carroll 

Carroll 

Kp 

Bull  Creek 

Clarke 

Gf 

CARROLL  C. 

108 


REFERENCE    INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Kef. 

L-rt. 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Hf 

Carrollton 

Carroll 

He 

Clay 

Cass 

Kj 

*Carthage 

Rusk 

Ek 

CLAY 

Fg 

*Cass 

Tippecanoe 

J   c 

*Clayport 

Kosciusko 

He 

CASS 

Sj 

Claysville 

Hendricks 

Fr 
Fk 

Castleberry  C. 
*Cataract  Mills 

Perry 
Owen 

HO 
Kd 

*Claysville 
Clear  Creek 

Washington 
Huntingdon 

Ge 

*Cathcart 

White 

(J  n 

Clear  Creek 

Monroe 

Co 

Cathlenettes  P. 

Knox 

Efk 

Clear  Creek 

Morgan 

J  m 

Cave 

Jennings 

Dk 

Clear  Creek 

Vigo 

Hn 
Lc 

Cave  Spring 
Cedar  Creek 

Lawrence 

Allen 

J   e 

Hi 

*Clear  Spring 
*Clermont 

Kosciusko 
Marion 

Lb 

Cedar  Creek 

DeKalb 

Gq 

Cleveland 

Clinton 

DC 

Cedar  Creek 

Lake 

Kl 

*Clifty 

Decatur 

Mk 

*Cedar  Grove 

Franklin 

II  n 

Clifty  Creek 

Washington 

Db 
Hm 

*Cedar  Lake 
Cedar  Spring 

Lake 
Jackson 

J    1 
Kk 

Clifty  Creek 
Clifty  Creek 

Bartholomew 
Decatur 

Me 

Cedarville 

Allen 

Be 

Clinton 

Cass 

J  c 

Centre  Lake 

Kosciusko 

DJ 

*Clinton 

Vermilion 

Db 

Centreville 

Lake 

(i    <r 

CLINTON 

J    0 

Centreville 

Scott 

F  k 

*Cloverdale 

Putnam 

Mi 

*  Centreville 

Wayne 

Kk 

Cloverland 

Clay 

Bq 
Eh 

"bain  ville 
Chambersb'rg 

Posey 
Fountain 

f  i  r 
I)  h 

Cloverport 
Coal  Banks 

KENTUCKY 
Fountain 

Ho 

*Chambersb'g 

Orange 

F  r 

Coal  Beds 

Perry 

I  f 

*Chancery 

Howard 

F  q 

Coal  Beds 

Perry 

J  p 

*  Charleston 

Clarke 

DJ 

Coal  Creek 

Vigo 

J  i 

Charleston 

Hancock 

Dl 

Coal  Creek 

Parke 

J  J 

*Charlottesv'l. 

Hancock 

Kl 

*Cobb's  Fork 

Decatur 

Eg 

Chatalie 

Warren 

K  c 

*Coesse 

Whitley 

I     0 

*Chesnut  Hill 

Washington 

F-  k 

"Coffee 

Clay 

Mi 

*Chester 

Wayne 

F  a 

*Coftee  Creek 

Porter 

Fm 

Chesterfield 

Greene 

J   n 

Coffin's 

Jackson 

J  h 

*Chesterfield 

Madison 

i 

Cold  Creek 

[lamilton 

I  e 

*Chili 

Miami 

K  h 

*Cole  Creek 

Fountain 

Ln 

China 

Jefferson 

F  - 

Cole's 

La  Porte 

He 

Chippewa 

Fulton 

H  q 

Cole's  Mill 

Crawford 

Ek 

*Christie'8  Pr 

Clay 

Fp 

Jolesline 

Dubois 

1  m 
I  a 

Christianburg 
Christian  Cr. 

Brown 
Elkhart 

TollegeCorner 
College  'Fwns. 

Ohio 
Monroe 

Kc 

*Churubusco 

Whitley 

l'k 

*Columbia 

Fayette 

I  h 

Cicero  Creek 

Hamilton 

K  e 

Columbia 

Whitley 

I  h 

*Cicero  Town 

Hamilton 

IJolumbiaville 

Martin 

Eg 

Cicot 

Warren 

r  i 

*Cqlumbus 

Bartholomew 

Fm 

Cincinnati 

Sreene 

Common  Field 

\nox 

He 
Ea 

Circleville 
*City  West 

Porter 

F  s 
Do 

*Concord 
Conger's  Cr. 

fippecanoe 
Jike 

J  o 

CLARKE 

J   i 

Conner's  Cr. 

Hamilton 

Fn 

Clarksburg 

Daviess 

L  i 

*Conner*ciUe   iFayette 

Kk 

*Clarksburgh 

Decatur 

'    k 

*Conn's  Creek  Shelby 

Hi 
J  P 
Ga 

Clarkstown 
Clarksville 
Classen's  Corn 

Uoone 
Clarke 
La  Porte 

'>[  IT. 
Ill 

1    a 

*Coopcrs  ville  ;  Dearborn 
Cooprs  Ferry   ..I;  ckson 
Colbert's  Cr.   'Elkhart 

REFERENCE  INDEX. 


109 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Ref 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

F  i 

Cornstalk 

Montgomery 

M  m 

Decatur 

Crawford 

K  c 

Corsse 

Whitley 

KI 

DECATUR 

i  q 

*  Cory  don 

Harrison 

E  a 

*Deep  River 

Lake 

Mj 

*Cottage  Gr. 

Union 

Hi 

Deer  Creek 

Carroll 

Ha 

*Cottage  Hill 

St.  Joseph 

J   f 

Deer  Creek 

Grant 

I    m 

Dourtland 

Jackson 

G  r 

Deer  Creek 

Perry 

Ha 

Coupee  Prairie 

St.  Joseph 

F  j 

Deer  Creek 

Putnam 

Dh 

*Comngton 

Fountain 

J   k 

Deer  Creek 

Shelby 

Kd 

Cow  Creek 

Quntington 

Mg 

Deerfield 

Randolph 

Hn 

Cox's  Ferry 

Lawrence 

L  b 

*De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Kg 

Cranberry 

Delaware 

L  b 

DE  KALB 

Gp 

CRAWFORD 

I    n 

Delaney's  Cr. 

Washington 

F  h 
Gg 

*Crawfordsvil. 
Cripe's  Run 

Montgomery 
Clinton 

L  in 
Kg 

*Delaware 
DELAWARE 

Ripley 

J   1 

Critzer's  Mills 

Decatuf 

E  o 

*Delectable  H. 

Pike 

Md 

Crooked  Cr. 

Alton 

Gf 

*  Delphi 

Carroll 

Kn 

Crooked  Cr. 

Jefferson 

I'-  j 

*Delta 

Parke 

Hi 

Crooked  Cr. 

Marion 

Bj 

Depew's  Mills 

Parke 

Fb 

Crooked  Cr. 

Porter 

<T  q 

Derby 

Perry 

Fr 

Crooked  Cr. 

Spencer 

C  o 

Deshee  River 

Ma 

*Crooked  Cr. 

Steuben 

F  j 

Dewees'  Brid. 

Putnam 

L  a 

Brooked  Lake 

Steuben 

C  r 

Diamond  Isl. 

Posey 

Fk 

Cross  Creek 

Putnam. 

I)   0 

Dicksburg 

Knox 

L  m 

*Cross  Plains 

aipley 

EJ 

*Dickson's  M. 

Parke 

Db 

*  Crown  Point 

Lake 

M  m 

*Dillsborough 

Dearborn 

1  J 

Cumberland 

Marion 

G  a 

Dishamine  L. 

La  Porte 

Li 

CumberlandR. 

Henry 

F  m 

Doan's  Creek 

Greene 

B  q 

Cut-off  Island 

Posey 

F  k 

Doe  Creek 

Putnam 

D  m 

*Currysville 

Sullivan 

1)  ni 

*Don 

Sullivan 

I   i 

Cynthiana 

Hamilton 

G  a 

*Door  Village 

La  Porte 

n 

*Cynthiana 
Cynthiana 

Posey 

Shelby 

J   e 
F  n 

Dora 
*  Dover  Hill 

Wabash 
Martin 

Dr 

Cypress  Cr. 

Warrick 

F  m 

Dresden 

Greene 

Mk 

*Drewersburg 

Franklin 

F  q 

*Dale 

Spencer 

Ki 

Driftwood  Cr. 

Henry 

J  f 

*D  alias 

Grant 

[    n 

Driftwood  R. 

Jackson 

Li 

*  Dal  ton 

Wayne 

I    n 

Drusilla 

Jackson 

E  b 

*Daman  Run 

Porter 

F,  h 

Dry  Run 

Fountain 

Gj 

Me 

*Danville 
*Darby 

Hendricks 
Adams 

I    1) 
E  j 

Dry  Run 
Dublin 

Hamilton 
Parke 

Fh 

*Darlington 

Montgomery 

L  i 

*Dublin 

Wayne 

EC 

Davidson's  M. 

Jasper 

F  p 

DUBOIS 

I    q 

*Davidson 

Harrison 

I    h 

Duck  Creek 

Hamilton 

En 

DAV1ESS 

Ki 

Duck  Creek 

Henry 

Gn 

Davis'  Ferry 

Lawrence 

L  k 

Duck  Creek 

Franklin 

Di 

Davis  Ferry 

Vermilion 

J  n 

*Dudley 

Jackson 

F  p 

*Davis  Creek 

Dubois 

•^  j 

*Dunlapsville 

Union 

F  d 

Davisonville 

Jasper 

Kn 

*Dupont 

Jefferson 

F  g 

*  Day  ton 

Tippecanoe 

F  a 

Durham 

La  Porte 

Hq 

Dean's  Mills 

Crawford 

J   e 

Durham 

Wabash 

Mm 

DEARBORN 

D  k 

Durkee's  Fer. 

Vigo 

Me 

*Decatur 

Adams 

J  { 

Dwiggin's  M. 

Grant 

10 

110 


REFERENCE    INDEX. 


Kef. 
Let 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

let 

Names  of  Places. 

Counti««. 

Hi    ] 
Gc 
Hj 
J    C 

3aa:le  Creek 
Eagle  Creek 
Eagle  Fork 
Ea^le  Lake 

[arion 
tarke 
Hendricks 
Cosciusko 

r   n 

ICk 

4  b 
IJ 

Fairfax 
*Fairfield 
Fairfield  Cent. 
rairhaven 

Tonroe 
Franklin 
De  Kalb 
Ohio 

Gc 
La 
Eo 
Hh 

Eagle  Lake 
Eagle  Mills 
Dagle  Pond 
Caaletown 

tarke 
teuben 
fnox 
[amilton 

J    ~ 
{•    in 
ML- 

I      C 

Fairmont 
*Fairplay 
Fairport 
Fairview 

Grant 
Greene 
Allen 

iosciusko 

Hi 

Joone 

,     <r 

•"airview 

Randolph 

Md 

*E.  Germant'n 

Vayne 

'    j 

Fairview 

Rush 

.Mi 
F  j 

East  Liberty 
*Eberle 

Allen 
•utnam 

rl 

Fall  Creek 
Fall  Creek 

"ayette 
Marion 

Li 
J  i 

Economy 
Eden 

Wayne 
lancock 

i  p 

Fall  Creek 
Falling  Run 

Madison 
Floyd 

I  k 
F  n 
Do 
Lc 

Edinburgh 
Edwardsport 
Edwardsport 
Eel  River 

ohnson 
)aviess 
tn  ox 
Allen 

•:  f 

I    h 

*Falmouth 
Farmersville 
r'armington 
"armington 

Fayette 
Posey 
3rant 
Hamilton 

He 

K  j 

*Farmington 

Rush 

Ek 
J  d 

Cel  R.  Feeder 
Sel  River 

Clay 
Kosciusko 

(i   0 

Ilk 

?"armington 
*Far  West 

White 
Johnson 

Kp 

Eiffht'nMilels. 
Elizabeth 
Elizabeth  town 

Clarke 
larrison 
)elaware 

a 

FAYETTE 
Fayetteville 
*Fayetteville 

Fayette 
Lawrence 

f  f 

Elizabethto'n 

Jartholomew 

F    q 

Ferdinand 

Dubois 

I  m 

ackson 

K  1 

Filmore 

Porter 

I  n 
J  a 
J  a 
J  a 
J  a 
Mi 
J  p 

Clk  Creek 
Elkhart 
ELKHART 
Elkhart  Prairie 
Elkhart  River 
Elkhorn  Cr. 
Elk  Run 

Vashington 
Elkhart 

Elkhart 
Elkhart 
Wayne 
Clarke 

F  j 

Ma 
J    d 
J   a 

(T   a 

Filmore 
*Fincastle 
First  Creek 
*Fish  Creek 
Fisher's  Mill 
Fish  Lake 
Fish  Lake 

Putnam 
Putnam 
Martin 
S  teuben 
Kosciusko 
Elkhart 
La  Porte 

Gb 

Ellettsville 

Monroe 

B  r 

Fish  Lake 

Posey 

Ka 
J  m 
Kl 
Lm 

Ellisburg 
Clm  Grove 

*Elrod 

..a  Grange 
renninga 
tenninga 
Ripley 

Kp 
C  r 

J   k 
J   1 

Flat  Creek 
Flat  Fork 
*Flat  Rock 
Flat  Rock  Cr. 

Pike 
Posey 
Shelby 
Bartholomew 

Kf 
Dn 

Embree's  Mill 
*Emmettsville 
Smmison's  M. 

Grant 
Randolph 
tnox 

L  i 
Kk 

L  e 

Flat  Rock  Cr. 
Flat  Rock  Cr 
Flat  Rock  Cr. 

Henry 
Rush 
Wells 

Gc 
La 
LI 
Ke 

English  Lake 
English  Prairie 
Enochsburg 
Stna 

Starke 
La  Grange 
"ranklin 
Noble 

J   k 

M  n 
K  d 

*Flemmings 
Flemming's  S 
iFlick's  Creek 
Flint  Creek 

Shelby 
Monroe 
Dearborn 
Huntington 

Di 
Dr 

*Eugene 
*  Evansvitte 

Vermilion 
Vanderburg 

G  q 

II  n 

Flint  Island 
^Florence 

Perry 
Switzerland 

Lk 
Ea 

•Everton 
*Extr.  S.  Ben 

Fayette 
L.  of  Michigan 

I    p  FLOYU 
!K  a  Fly  Creek 
B  D  Foote's  Gr.  P'd 

La  Grange 
Gibson 

Dl 
Mi 

Fairbanks 
[Fairfax 

Sullivan           ||J  g  JForfestville 
Wayne            llE  a  [Fort  Creek 

Madison 
Porter 

REFERENCE  INDEX. 


Ill 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Ilef. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Dk 

Fort  Harrison 

Vigo 

F  b 

Grand  Marsh 

La  Porte 

Dn 

Fort  Knox 

Knox 

B  r 

GrandChainR. 

Posey 

Ld 

Fort  Wayne 

Allen 

E  e 

Grand  Prairie 

Benton 

Eh 

FOUNTAIN 

C  p 

Grand  Rapids 

Knox 

Ko 

Fourteen  M.  C. 

Clarke 

J  f 

GRANT 

Dp* 

Fourteen  Spr. 
Francisco 

Harrison 
Gibson 

Mn 
G  e 

*Grant'sCreek 
Grant's  Creek 

Switzerland 
White 

21 

*  Frankfort 
Franklin 

Clinton 
Franklin 

Kg 
Ha 

*Granville 
GrapeVine  Cr. 

Delaware 
St.  Joseph 

I  k 

*Franklin 

Johnson 

I   n 

Grassy  Fork 

Jackson 

L  i 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Dl 

Grassy  Pond 

Vigo 

Mk 

FRANKLIN 

Hp 

Great  Blue  R. 

Harrison 

F  h 

Fredericksb'g 

Montgomery 

Kk 

Great  Falls 

Decatur 

Hp 

*Fredericksb. 

Washington 

Ml 

Great  Miami  R 

OHIO 

Hq 

*Fredonia 

Crawford 

Hq 

Great  Spring 

Harrison 

Ga 

Free  Bridge 

La  Porte 

J  f 

*  Green  berry 

Grant 

F  1 

Freedom 

Owen 

F  J 

*  Green  Castle 

Putnam 

I   m 

Freeport 

Jackson 

Kb 

*Greene 

Noble 

J  j 

*Freeport 

Shelby 

F  m 

GREENE 

Go 
Ma 
F  q 

*French  L.Sal. 
*Fremont 
*French  Island 

Orange 
Steuben 
Spencer 

J  i 
Dr 
Ki 

*  Greenfield 
Green  River  I. 
*Greensboro' 

Hancock 
Vanderburg 
Henry 

Er 

*Fresbie's  M'ls 

Warrick 

KI 

*Greensburg 

Decatur 

Hq 

Froman's  Mill 

Crawford 

L  i 

*Green's  Fork 

Wayne 

Hd 

Fulton 

Fulton 

I   f 

Greentown 

Howard 

Hd 

FULTON 

1   P 

*Greenville 

Floyd 

Hq 

Fullinwider's 

[  j 

*Greenwood 

Johnson 

Mills 

Crawford 

D  m 

*Greysville 

Sullivan 

Ki 

Griggs 

Rush 

I  P 

*GaIena 

Floyd 

Ki 

*Groves 

Rush 

Ej 

*Gallatin 

Parke 

M  m 

Guionsville 

Dearborn 

I   b 

Galveston 

Kosciusko 

I    n 

Gullett's  Ferry 

Jackson 

F  q 

Gentryville 

Spencer 

Hn 

Guthrey's 

Lawrence 

HI 

Georgetown 

Brown 

I   p 

*Georgetown 

Floyd 

Li 

*Hagarstown 

Wayne 

L  h 

Georgetown 

Randolph 

I   n 

Hallaway's  F. 

Jackson 

I  i 

*Germantown 

Marion 

J  p 

*Hamburg 

Clarke 

Kk 

German  town 

Decatur 

Hn 

Hanier's  Mill 

Lawrence 

Cr 

German  town 

Vanderburg 

Me 

Hamilton 

Allen 

L  i 

German  town 

Wayne 

G  g 

Hamilton 

Clinton 

F  P 

*Germanville 

Dubois 

J   h 

Hamilton 

Madison 

C  p 

GIBSON 

Mb 

^Hamilton 

Steuben 

Ka 

Gibraltar 

La  Grange 

I    h 

HAMILTON 

I   d 

*Gilead 

Miami 

Ma 

Hamilton's  M. 

Steuben 

Ej 

Gilkeson's  Mill 
*Goddard 

Parke 
Rush 

Ha 
Hj 

*Hammond's 
*Hampton 

St.  Joseph 
Hendricks 

Kf 

*Good  Hope 

Noble 

J  i 

HANCOCK 

Dp 

Gondola 

Pike 

Mj 

Hannah  Creek 

Union 

J  a 

*Goshen 

Elkhart 

Ki 

*Hannegan 

Rush 

Gk 

*Gosport 

Owen 

J  j 

Hanover 

Shelby 

Km 

Graham's  Fork 

Jennings 

Mm 

Hanover 

Ohio 

Kh 

*  Graham 

Jefferson 

Hp 

*Hardingsb'rg 

Washington 

112 


REFERENCE  INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

lief. 

Ut 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Ml 

Ek 

Hardingsburg 
*Harmony 

Brown 
Clay 

1)  k 
Gb 

Honey  Creek 
Hood's  Creek 

Vigo 
La  Porte 

Lj 

*Harrisburg 

Fayette 

[•:  i 

Hoosier's  Mills 

Parke 

Ga 

Harris  Lake 

La  Porte 

J  1 

*Hope 

Bartholomew 

J  a 

Harris  Prairie 

St.  Joseph 

[    h 

Horse-shoe  B. 

Hamilton 

Ml 

Harrison 

Brown 

D  i 

Howard 

Parke 

He 

Harrison 

Cass 

I    f 

HOWARD 

Dk 

Harrison 

Vigo 

Flni 

Houston 

Jackson 

1  q 

HARRISON 

(i  a 

*Hudson 

La  Porte 

Fn 

Harrisonville 

Martin 

K,  q 

Huffman's  M'ls 

Spencer 

F  f 

Harrisonville 

Tippecanoe 

Fp 

Hunley's  Cr. 

Dubois 

J    0 

Harristown 

Washington 

L  1 

Huntersville 

Franklin 

G  m 
Kf 

*Harrodsburg 
Hartford 

Monroe 
Blackford 

F  g 
F  p 

Huntersville 
*Huntingburg 

Tippecanoe 
Dubois 

Gp 

Hartford 

Crawford 

*Huntington 

Huntington 

Mm 

*Hartford 

Ohio 

K  e 

HUNT1NGTN 

*Hart's  Mills 

Ripley 

Mn 

Hunt's  Creek 

Switzerland 

J  I 

*Hartsville 

Bartholomew 

L  in 

Hunt's  Mills 

Ripley 

Dp 

Harvey's  Cr. 

Pike 

J   i 

*Huntsville 

Madison 

Gq 

Hascall's  Mills 

Perry 

L  h 

Huntsville 

Randolph 

Hatfield's 

Perry 

J   1 

Hydraulic  M'ls 

Bartholomew 

F  ? 

*Hausertown 

Owen 

J  1 

Haw  Creek 

Bartholomew 

r,  a 

Independence 

La  Porte 

Eo 

Haw  Creek 

Martin 

!•:  s 

*Independ'nce 

Warren 

J  a 

*Haw  Patch 

La  Grange 

K  a 

Indiana  City 

Lake 

F  o 

*Haysville 

Duboi« 

I    j 

INDIANAPOLIS 

Marion 

Ei 

*Headley's  M. 

Fountain 

H  q 

Indian  Creek 

Harrison 

Eb 

*Hebron 

Porter 

<;  n 

Indian  Creek 

Lawrence 

Hm 

*Heltonville 

Lawrence 

Ilk 

Indian  Creek 

Morgan 

Gi 

HENDRICK'S 

Gd 

Indian  Creek 

Pulaski 

Ki 

HENRY 

L  n 

Indian  Creek 

Switzerland 

Eb 
I  k 

Henry  Mill 
*Hensley 

Porter 
Johnson 

I,  in 
L  n 

Ind.  Kentucky 
Ind.  Ken.  Cr. 

Ripley 
Jefferson 

L  m 

*Hermann 

Ripley 

.1    m 

Indian  Mound 

Jackson 

J  1 

*Herod 

Bartholomew 

[     !< 

*  Indian  Prair. 

Tipton 

5° 

*Hibernia 

Clarke 

]•:  d 

Indian  Village 

Jasper 

Di 

*Hi?hland 

Vermilion 

If  g 

loway 

Jay 

Eh 

*Hirisboro' 

Fountain 

De 

troquois  River 

Jasper 

Ki 

Hillsboro' 

Henry 

Mi 

EDllsborough 

Wayne 

J   a 

*Jackson 

Elkhart 

F  o 

Hindoostan 

Martin 

Hj 

Jackson 

I   h 

Hinckle  Creek 

Hamilton 

L  i 

*Jacksonburg 

Wayne 

Hindsville 

Jefferson 

I    m 

JACKSON 

E  b 

*Hobart 

Lake 

J   l 

Jackson's  Mills 

Grant 

F  m 

*Hobbieville 

Greene 

Ma 

*Jackson  Pr. 

Steuben 

L  a 
F  b 

Hogback  Lake 
Hog  Creek 

Steuben 
La  Porte 

K  i 
Mn 

Jacksonville 
Jacksonville 

Fountain 
Switzerland 

Mm 
F  o 

Hogan's  Creek 
Holbert's 

Dearborn 
Martin 

J    f 
Ma 

Jalapa 
James  Lake 

Grant 
Steuben 

L  n 

*Home 

Jefferson 

GH 

*  Jamestown 

Boone 

Hm 

Homer 

Jackson 

I    a 

Jamestown 

Elkhart 

F  e 

Honey  Creek 

White 

Kj 

Jamestown 

3enry 

REFERENCE   INDEX. 


113 


Kef. 
Let. 

F  p 

*Jasper 

Duboia 

J    c 

KOSCIUSKO 

Ed 

JASPER 

K  1 

Kossuth 

Clay 

Mf 

JAY 

I    q 

*Laconia 

Harrison 

Mf 
Gg 
Kn 

*Jay 
*Jefferson 
JEFFERSON 

Jay 

Clinton 

F  i 

*Ladoga 
*  Lafayette 
*Lafontaine 

Montgomery 
Tippecanoe 
Wabash 

J  p 

Mk 

*Jeffersonville 
*Jennings 

Clarke 
Franklin 

K  a 
K  a 

*La  Grange 
LA  GRANGE 

La  Grange 

Km 

JENNINGS 

E  g 

La  Grange 

Warren 

I   f 

*Jerome 

Howard 

J   e 

Wabash 

I  k 

JOHNSON 

D  b 

LAKE 

F  1 

Johnstown 

Owen 

E  r 

Lake  Drain 

Spencer 

J  f 

*Jonesboro' 

Grant 

D  a 

Lake  George 

Lake 

F  m 

Jonesborough 

Greene 

I    d 

Lake  Manatan 

Fulton 

Eq 

Jonesborough 

Spencer 

He 

LMaxineukke' 

Marshall 

Ld 

Jones'  Creek 

Allen 

E  a 

Lake  Port 

La  Porte 

J  m 

Jonesville 

Bartholomew 

D  c 

Lake  Prairie 

Lake 

F  k 

Jordan  Creek 

Clay 

J   b 

L.  Tippecanoe 

Kosciusko 

J   d 

Laketon 

Wabash 

E  c 

vankakee  Riv. 

C  r 

Lamarco  City 

Vanderburg 

F  e 

Keen's  Creek 

White 

Ke 

Lancaster 

Huntington 

F  n 

*  Kecks  ville 

Martin 

K  n 

'Lancaster 

Jefferson 

Ml 

*Kelso 

Dearborn 

F  1 

Lancaster 

Owen 

J  m 

Kellar's  Mills 

Jennings 

L  c 

Lancaster 

Wells 

L  b 

*Kendallville 

Noble 

i  q 

"Lanesville 

Harrison 

J  J 

Kennedy's 

Shelby 

j  i 

Lanesville 

Marion 

Kn 

*Kent 

Jefferson 

G  a 

*La  Porte 

La  Porte 

J   e 

Centner  Cr. 

Wabash 

G  a 

LA  PORTE 

G  m 

Ketcham's  M. 

Monroe 

F  a 

La  Porte  Pr. 

La  Porte 

Hd 

*Kewanna 

Fulton 

LI 

Laughery 

Ripley 

F  n 

Killion's  Mill 

Martin 

Mm 

Laughery's  C. 

Dearborn 

Kb 

Killbuck  Cr. 

Madison 

G  fr 

*Lauramie 

Tippecanoe 

J    0 

Kimberlin's  C. 

Scott 

L  k 

*  Laurel  City 

Franklin. 

Hi 

*Kinder 

Brown 

J  i 

*Lawrence 

Marion 

E  o 

Kinderhook 

Pike 

Mm 

*  Lawrencebur. 

Dearborn 

I   g 

King's  Mill 

Tipton 

Hn 

LAWRENCE 

Gb 

TKingsbury 

La  Porte 

II  n 

Lawrenceport 

Lawrence 

Kl 

*Kin<rston 

Decatur 

M  m 

*Lawrencevil. 

Dearborn 

J  i 

Kinnaman's  C. 

Hamilton 

lira 

Leatherw'd  C. 

Lawrence 

J  i 

*Kinnard 

Hancock 

E  i 

Leatherw'd  C. 

Parke 

J  i 

Kirkendall's  C. 

Hamilton 

II  q 

*  Leavenworth 

Crawford 

Hh 

Kirklin 

Clinton 

II  h 

*Lebanon 

Boone 

*Kirk's  X  R'ds 

Clinton 

D  q 

*Lee 

Warrick 

Km 
Kj 

Riser's 
*Knightstown 

Ripley 
Henry 

Kc 
J    c 

Leek's  Village 
*Leesburg 

Whitley 
Kosciusko 

J   q 

Knob  Creek 

Floyd 

Hn 

*Leesville 

Lawrence 

I  r 

Knob  Creek 

Harrison 

I    1 

*Lefevre 

Bartholomew 

Gq 

Knob  Creek 

Perry 

Gb 

Lemon's  Brid. 

La  Porte 

Gc 

Knox 

Stark 

L  d 

*Leo 

Allen 

Do 

KNOX 

F  e 

Leonda 

Miami 

Fp 

Knoxville 

Dubois 

G  q 

*Leopold 

Perry 

I   t 

*Kokomo 

Howard 

Dk 

*Lewia 

Vigo 

114 


REFERENCE   INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

BeC 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

He 

*Lewisburg 

Cass 

iTF 

LoblollyMarsh 

Jay 

J  i 

Lewisburg 

Hancock 

J   a 

*Locke 

Elkhart 

J  n 

Lewis  Creek 

Jefferson 

Ge 

*Lockport 

Carroll 

J  k 

Lewis  Creek 

Shelby 

Ek 

Lockport 

Vigo 

Ki 

*Lewisville 

Henry 

L  i 

Lockport 

Wayne 

Ka 

Lexington 

La  Grange 

F  h 

*Locust  Grove 

Montgomery 

J    0 

*Lexlngton 

Scott 

Cq 

Locust  Lick 

Vanderburg 

Gf 
I  k 

Lexington 
Liberty 

Tippecanoe 
Johnson 

J   e 
V  J 

*Lodi 
"Lodiville 

Wabash 
Parke 

Gn 

Liberty 

Lawrence 

.Mil 

*Log  Lick  Cr. 

Switzerland 

Mj 

*Liberty 

Union 

Ml 

*Logan 

Dearborn 

J  d 

*Liberty  Mills 

Wabash 

He 

*Logansport 

Cass 

Kn 

Lick 

Jefferson 

E  a 

Long  Lake 

Lake 

F  j 

Lick  Branch 
*Lick  Branch 

Washington 
Parke 

°f 

Long  Pond 
*Longwood 

Gibson 
Fayette 

Kg 

Lick  Creek 

Blackfoot 

J   e 

Loomis 

Whidey 

Li 

Lick  Creek 

Fayette 

Dk 

Lost  Creek 

Vigo 

Dh 

Lick  Creek 

Fountain 

Go 

*Lost  River 

Orange 

F  o 

Lick  Creek 

Martin 

J    q 

*Louisville 

KENTUCKr 

Hq 

Lick  River 

Harrison 

Ha 

Lowell 

St.  Josephs 

Di 

Lyon  Mill 

Jasper 

I    1 

Lowell  Mills 

Bartholomew 

Ka 

*Lima 

La  Grange 

J   p 

Lower  Albany 

Floyd 

Mf 

*Limberlost 

Adams 

Kh 

*Luray 

Henry 

Eh 

Linden 

Montgomery 

II  q 

Lynch's  Mill 

Crawford 

Me 

*Linn 

Adams 

F  o 

Lynn 

Martin 

Eq 

Linville 

Warrick 

Mh 

*Lynn 

Randolph 

Era 

*Linton 

Greene 

L  o 

Lynn  Grove 

Wells 

Lb 

*Lisbon 

Noble 

"q 

*Lynnville 

Warrick 

J  j 

*Little  Blue  R. 

Shelby 

Ei 

Lusk's  M.  Nar. 

Parke 

Hq 

^ittle  Blue  R. 

Crawford 

Lb 

L,ittle  Cedar  C 

Noble 

1   P 

McCallum's  X 

He 

Little  Charley 

Cass 

Roads 

Harrison 

f? 

Little  Creek 
Little  Eagle  C 

Vanderburg 
Hamilton 

Kt 

McCoy's  Mill 
McCumber'sM 

Wells 
Stark 

J  a 

Lit  Elkhart  R. 

Elkhart 

j'h 

Mcllhenny 

Hamilton 

Kk 

L.  Flat  Rock  C 

Rush 

Lb 

*Macksville 

Randolph 

Km 

i  q 

Lit.  Graham  C. 
Lit.  Indian  Cr 

Jennings 
Harrison 

Dk 
Kn 

Macksville 
*Madison 

Vigo 
Jefferson 

Ga 

L.  Kankakee  R 

La  Porte 

J   h 

MADISON 

Er 
Eg 

LitPidgeonC 
Little  Pine  Cr. 

Warrick 
Warren 

II  q 
EIn 

*Magnolia 
Mahan's  Mill 

Crawford 
Jackson 

Ej 

-.it.  Raccoon  C 

Parke 

Mi 

*Manchester 

Dearborn 

Di 

-it.  Raccoon  C 

Vermilion 

J   il 

Manchester 

Wabash 

Ld 

-ittle  River 

Allen 

F  i 

Manhattan 

Putnam 

Mg 

L.SalamonieC 

Jay 

J  j 

*  Manilla 

Rush 

J  1 

Lit  Sand  Cr. 

Bartholomew 

I    k 

*Manwarings 

Shelby 

Fr 

Lit.  Sandy  Cr. 

Spencer 

Kj 

Marcellus 

iush 

Eg 

L.  Shawnee  C. 

Fountain 

Ka 

*Marcy 

La  Grange 

I  n 

'Little  York 

Washington 

En 

*Marie  Creek 

Knox 

Di 

L.  Vermilion  R 

Vermilion 

J  k 

*Marietta 

Shelby 

Ea 

Liverpool 

Lake 

J  f 

*Marion 

Grant 

Ha 

*Livouia 

Washington 

J  j 

Marion 

Shelby 

REFERENCE    INDEX. 


115 


H~b~ 

^Marseilles 

Noble 

IT 

*Milan 

Ripley 

Lb 

MARSHALL 

J  b 

*Milford 

Kosciusko 

F  n 

MARTIN 

K  f 

Milford 

Warren 

Li 

Martindale'sF. 

Wayne 

II  d 

*Mill  Ark 

Fulton 

if 

Martinsburg 
*Martinsburg 

Washington 
Wayne 

lid 

Qj 

Mill  Creek 
Mill  Creek 

Fulton 
Hcndricks 

Hk 

*Martinsville 

Morgan 

Kh 

Mill  Creek 

Madison 

Gr 

Mason's  Mill 

Perry 

F  k 

Mill  Creek 

Putnam 

Md 

Massilon 

Allen 

G  k 

'Mill  Grove 

Owen 

Fm 

Matamoras 

Greene 

Kl 

*Millhousen 

Decatur 

Hr 

*Mauckport 

Harrison 

Ml 

Miller 

Dearborn 

Me 

Maumee 

Allen 

flo 

Millersburg 

Orange 

Dk 
F  r 

*Maurius 
Maxville 

Vigo 
Perry 

Km 
J  d 

Millersburg 
Millersburg 

Ripley 

Whitley 

Gg 

Maxwell's  M'ls 

Clinton 

(1  a 

Miller's  Lake 

La  Porte 

E  o 

Maysville 

Daviesa 

EJ 

Miller's  Mill 

Parke 

Eg 

Maysville 

Fountain 

Kk 

Millford 

Decatur 

Ke 
Gh 

Maysville 
Mechanicsb'rg 

Huntington 
Boone 

J  p 

*Millport 
Mill  River 

Jackson 
Clarke 

Ki 

*Mechanicsb. 

Henry 

Kk 

*Milroy 

Rush 

Hi 

Mechanicsb'rg 

Marion 

fir 

Millstone  Cr. 

Perry 

Dr 

M.'ehanicsvilfe 

Vanderburg 

UP 

*Milltown 

Crawford 

J  f 

*Meir 

Grant 

Q] 

Milton 

Hendricks 

Hd 

Meredith  Mills 

Fulton 

I"  J 

*Milton 

Wayne 

D  m 

*Merom 

Sullivan 

M  m 

*Milton  Mills 

Ohio 

Db 

*Merrillville. 

Lake 

F  q 

Minor's  Mills 

Perry 

Lk 

*Metamora 

Franklin 

[      cl 

*Mishawaka 

St.  Joseph 

Lf 

Metamoras 

Blackford 

[   e 

*Mishwa 

Miami 

Hd 

*Metea 

Cass 

Li  q 

MississinewaR 

Randolph 

Ma 

*Mets 

Steuben 

Mk 

Mixerville 

Franklin 

I   e 

'Mexico 

Miami 

L  a 

*Mongoq'nong 

La  Grange 

He 

Miami 

Cass 

K  a 

Mongoquin.  P. 

La  Grange 

I   f 

Miami 

Miami 

Me 

*Monmouth 

Adams 

I   e 

MIAMI 

F  e 

*Monong 

White 

Ke 

Miami  Reserve 

Huntington 

Monoquet 

Kosciusko 

Mg 

Miami  Reserve 

Jay 

Me 

Monroe 

Adams 

Fa 

-MichiganCity 

L,a  Porte 

•:  «• 

*Monroe 

Tippecanoe 

*Mich.  Town 

Clinton 

j] 

*  Monrovia 

Morgan 

Mi 

Middleb'rough 

Wayne 

Di 

*Montezuma 

Parke 

J   a 

Middlebury 

Klkhart 

K  m 

*Montgomery 

Jennings 

El 

Vliddlebury 

Clay 

F  h 

MONTGOM'Y 

"Middle  Fork 

Clinton 

F  e 

*Monticello 

White 

Kn 

Middle  Fork 

Jefferson 

,  f 

*Montpelier 

Blackford 

Ld 

Middletown 

Allen 

Hm 

*Mooney 

Jackson 

Kh 

*Middletown 

Henry 

j  n 

*Mooretield 

Switzerland 

Gk 

Middletown 

Owen 

>  m 

*Moore's  Hill 

Dearborn 

J  k 

Middletown 

Shelby 

J  p 

Mooresville 

Floyd 

Dl 

Middletown 

Vijro 

II  j 

*Mooresville 

Morgan 

Gh 

Midway 

Clinton 

F  f 

Mootses 

White 

Er 

*Midway 

Spencer 

I   1 

Moravian  Set. 

Bartholomew 

J  f 

*Mier 

Grant 

Ilk 

MORGAN 

Gp 

*Mifflin 

Crawford 

Eb 

Morgan's  Mills 

Porter 

116 


REFERENCE   INDEX. 


Ret 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Ret. 

Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Hk 

*Morgantown 

Morgan 

I    d 

Newark 

Fulton 

Dd 

Morocco 

Jasper 

Dq 

*Newark 

Warrick 

J  j 

*Morristown 

Shelby 

Bq 

NewBaltimore 

Posey 

Morrisville 

Hendricka 

J  1 

*Newbern 

Bartholomew 

J    k 

Morven 

Shelby 

F  m 

"Newberry 

Greene 

Kk 

*Moscow 

Rush 

I   j 

New  Bethel 

Marion 

DC 
J  k 

Mound  Spring 
*Mt.  Auburn 

Lake 
Shelby 

IIjb 

New  Boston 
New  Bremen 

Wayne 
Marshall 

Mk 

*ML  Carmel 

Franklin 

(i  i 

N.  Brunswick 

Boone 

I     0 

Mount  Carmel 

Washington 

HI 

N.  Brunswick 

Clay 

Ke 

*Mount  Etna 

Huntington 

(jr. 

New  Buffalo 

White 

Kj 

Mount  Etna 

Rush 

K  li 

Newburg 

Fountain 

Ee 

Mount  Gilboa 

Ben  ton 

Dr 

*Newburg 

Warrick 

Mg 

*Mount  Holly 

Randolph 

K| 

*N.  Burlington 

Delaware 

Gf 

*Mt  Jefferson 

Carroll 

i;it 

"New  Carlisle 

St.  Joseph 

F  j 

*Mt  Meridian 

Putnam 

Ki 

*Nev>  Castle 

Henry 

Ee 

Mount  Nebo 

Ben  ton 

K  in 

*N.  Centreville 

Jennings 

Ka 

*MountPisgah 

La  Grange 

F  a 

New  City  West 

Porter 

Lh 

Mt.  Pleasant 

Delaware 

J   b 

N.  Columbus 

Madison 

I  i 

Mt.  Pleasant 

Miami 

EJ 

Newcomb's  M. 

Parke 

F  o 

*Mt.  Pleasant 

Martin 

Mf 

*NewCorydon 

Jay 

J  k 

Mt.  Pleasant 

Shelby 

K| 

N  Cumberland 

Grant 

Gp 

*Mt.  Prospect 

Crawford 

F    K 

*New  Durham 

La  Porte 

I  n 

Mount  Sidney 

Jackson 

(ii 

N.Elizabetht'n 

Hendricka 

Mm 

*Mt.  Sterling 

Switzerland 

J  n 

*N.  Frankfort 

Scott 

Gl 

*Mt.  Tabor 

Monroe 

Mi 

*New  Garden 

Wayne 

I    d 

Mt  Vernon 

Miami 

Bq 

*N.  Harmony 

Posey 

Br 

*Ml.  Vernon 

Posey 

Ld 

*New  Haven 

Allen 

J  e 

Mt.  Vernon 

Wabash 

J   e 

'New  Holland 

Wabash 

Df 

Mud  Creek 

Benton 

Me 

NewLancaster 

Jay 

I  i 

Mud  Creek 

Marion 

J    K 

*N.  Lancaster 

Tipton 

J  d 

Mud  Creek 

Wabash 

of 

N'ewLancaster 

Tippecanoe 

Gb 

Mud  Lake 

La  Porte 

I)  11] 

"New  Lebanon 

Sullivan 

Kh 

*  Muncietown 

Delaware 

J    0 

N.  Lexington 

Clarke 

L  e 

*Murray 

Wella 

L  i 

*New  Lisbon 

Henry 

Mm 
Kn 

Murray's  Mills 
Muscackituk  R 

Ohio 
Jefferson 

Kg 

Eo 

New  Lisbon 
New  London 

Randolph 
Daviess 

I   n 

Muscatatuk 

Jackson 

Hq 

*New  London 

Howard 

J  b 

Musquebuck 

Kosciusko 

K  (j 

New  London 

Jefferson 

i  q 

Musquito  Cr. 

Harrison 

.]  'd 

New  Madison 

Madison 

Mn 

Myre's  Tavern 

Switzerland 

Km 

'New  Marion 

Ripley 

Dk 

*New  Market 

Vigo 

J  J 

Nameless  Cr. 

Hancock 

31 

*N.  Maysville 

Putnam 

LI 

*Napoleon 

Ripley 

Kp 

New  Motz 

Clarke 

HI 

*NashviUe 

Brown 

Li 

-'N.  M.Pleasant 

Jay 

J  i 

Nashville 

Hancock 

J  b 

New  Paris 

Elkhart 

Go 

'Natchez 

Martin 

J    0 

*N.Philadelpk 

Washington 

Gp 

*Nebraska 

Crawford 

Dl 

^Newport 

Vermilion 

L  i 

*Nettle  Creek 

Wayne 

HI 

Newport 

Wayne 

J  p 

*  New  Albany 

Floyd 

(j  0 

New  Prospect 

Orange 

M  m  *New  Alsace 
Hqj*N.Amsterd'm 

Dearborn 
Harrison 

I     P 

J    0 

*N.Providence  Clarke 
*New  Retreat  j  Washington 

REFERENCE    INDEX. 


117 


Ref. 

Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Kef. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Countiea. 

Fh 

N.  Richmond 

Montgomery 

Gq 

Oil  Creek 

Perry 

Gi 

*New  Ross 

Montgomery 

LI 

"Oldenburg 

Franklin 

J  n 

*Newry 

Jackson 

I  i 

Old  Run 

Hamilton 

Mg 

New  Salem 

Jay 

Gd 

Old's  Mill 

Pulaski 

Lk 

*New  Salem 

Rush 

F  g 

*Olean 

Ripley 

i  q 

*N.  Salisbury 

Harrison 

E« 

Old  WeaTown 

Tippecanoe 

Gp 

Newt.  Stewart 

Orange 

F  i 

Oloosa 

Jasper 

Eh 

*Newtown 

Fountain 

lib 

*Onondaga 

Marshall 

Ml 

*New  Trenton 

Franklin 

Ka 

^Ontario 

La  Grange 

Mk 

New  Vernon 

Franklin 

I   c 

*Oran 

Kosciusko 

L  e 

Newville 

Wells 

Go 

ORANGE 

Lb 

*Newville 

De  Kalb 

LJ 

*Orange 

Fayette 

I   1 

*New  Warsaw 

Bartholomew 

Mb 

Orangetown 

De  Kalb 

Ko 

*NWashingt'n 

Clarke           » 

Go 

^Orangeville 

Orange 

Gj 

N.Williamsb'g 

Hendricka 

II  m 

Orchard's  S.  S. 

Monroe 

Gj 

*NWinchester 

Hendricks 

Lj 

*Oregon 

Fayette 

Mn 

New  York 

Switzerland 

L  a 

*Orland 

Steuben 

I   e 

*Niconza 

Miami 

Ho 

*Orleans 

Orange 

I  k 

*Nineveh 

Johnson 

Le 

Ossian 

Wells 

I   h 

Nicholsonville 

Hamilton 

J  c 

*Oswego 

Kosciusko 

J  k 

*Noah 

Shelby 

Ma 

Otsego 

Steuben 

He 

Noble 

Cass 

Dk 

Otter  Creek 

Vigo 

Kb 

*Noble  C.  H. 

Noble 

La 

Otter  Lake 

La  Grange 

Kb 
Kb 

NOBLE 
*N.IronWorks 

Noble 

K  m 
D  c 

*0tter  Village 
*0utlet 

Ripley 
Lake 

I   h 

*Nobletnsille 

Hamilton 

J  h 

*Ovid 

Madison 

Lc 

Noblesville 

Noble 

K  1 

OWEN 

Kj 

Noland's  Fork 

Wayne 

Kp 

3wen'a  Creek 

Clarke 

F  p 

*North 

Dubois 

Gin 

Owensburg 

Greene 

Gc 

North  Bend 

Starke 

Cp 

*0wensvilfe 

Gibson 

Hh 

*Northfield 

Boone 

Kn 

*Owl  Prairie 

Daviess 

L.m 

*North  Hogan 

Ripley 

Bf 

*  Oxford 

Benton 

Ha 

*NorthLiberty 

St.  Joseph 

Kn 

*N.  Madison 

Jefferson 

F  d 

Paddock  Mills 

Jasper 

J  e 

*N.Manchester 

Wabash 

Gf 

Paint  Creek 

Carroll 

I  g 

Normandy 

Tipton 

Mk 

Palestine 

Franklin 

Kb 

*Northport 

Noble 

I    c 

^Palestine 

Kosciusko 

Gi 

*  North  Salem 

Hendrick 

G  m 

Palestine 

Monroe 

He 

North  Salem 

Marshall 

Ha 

Palmer's  Pr. 

St.  Joseph 

F  e 

Norway 

White 

Kk 

Palmyra 

Rush 

Le 

*Nottingham 

Wells 

I   P 

Palmyra 

Harrison 

Ha 

Notre  Dame 

I   e 

*Palos 

Miami 

du  Lac 

St.  Joseph 

Go 

*Paoli 

Orange 

Lj 

*NulPs  Mills 

Fayette 

Gf 

Paragon 

Carroll 

Dj 

*Numa 

Parke 

J  n 

*Paris 

Jennings 

(in 

Paris 

Lawrence 

Lk 

*Oak  Forest 

Franklin 

Bj 

PARKE 

I  i 

*Oakland 

Marion 

Fi 

*Parkersburg 

Montgomery 

F  m 

*Oak  Ridge 

Greene 

Ei 

Parkeville 

Parke 

Hp 

Oberon  Cave 

Harrison 

Oq 

Parris 

Posey 

Kj 

*Oa;flen 

Henry 

Df 

Parrish's  Gr. 

Benton 

Mm 

OHIO 

Gf 

Passeanong  C. 

Carroll 

118 


REFERENCE    INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let 

Nwnet  of  Places. 

Counties. 

RcC 

Lst. 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Cp 

*Patoka 

Gibson 

Lk 

Pleasant  Ridge 

Rush 

cp 

Patoka  Creek 

Gibson 

.-  m 

*Pleasant  Rid 

Greene 

Ep 

Patoka  Creek 

Pike 

Gf 

Pleasant  Run 

Carroll 

Mn 

*Patriot 

Switzerland 

J  p 

Pleasant  Run 

Clarke 

E  j 

Patterson's  M. 

Parke 

I  i 

Pleasant  Run 

Hamilton 

J  d 

*Paw-Paw 

Miami 

I  j 

Pleasant  Run 

Marion 

J  d 

Paw-  Paw  Cr. 

Wabash 

I  f 

*Pleasant  Spr 

Howard 

I    0 

*Pekin 

Washington 

I  j 

*Pleas.  View 

.Shelby 

J  i 

*Pendleton 

Madison 

K  S 

*Pleas.  Woods 

Delaware 

I  h 

Penfield 

Hamilton 

Kk 

*Plunge  Creek 

Clay 

LI 
Mf 

Pennsylvam'ab 
*Peunvil!e 

Ripley 
Jay 

J   d 
Mn 

Plunge  Creek 
Plum  Creek 

Kosciusko 
Switzerland 

I   e 

Peoria 

Miami 

Plum  Orchard 

Fayette 

Kk 

Perkins 

Rush 

«ib 

*  Plymouth 

Marshall 

J  h 

*Perkmville 

Madison 

I   i 

Pogue's  Creek 

Marion 

Lc 

Perry 

Allen 

I   h 

*Poinsett 

Hamilton 

Gq 

PERRY 

F  1 

*PtComm'rce 

Greene 

I  d 

*Perrysburg 

Miami 

Gq 

Poison  Creek 

Perry 

Dh 
I  e 

Perryville 

Vermilion 
Miami 

F  k 
Ga 

*Poland 
Polk's  Lake 

Clay 
La  Porte 

Eo 

^Petersburg 

Pike 

J    0 

*Polk's  Run 

Clarke 

Lf 

Petite  Prairie 

Blackford 

Kc 

Pond  Creek 

Fluntington 

J  i 

*Philadelphia 

Elancock 

Ko 

Pond  Creek 

Knox 

Mj 

*Philomath 

Union 

Dg 

*Poolsville 

Warren 

Lj 

Philpott's  Mills 

Fayette 

Kc 

*Popano 

Whitley 

De 

Pickamink  R. 

Jasper 

Dk 

*Poplar  Hill 

Vigo 

J  a 

Pidgeon  R.  Cr. 

Scott 

Ha 

Portage 

St.  Joseph 

La 

Pideeon  River 

Steuben 

Ha 

Portage  Prair. 

St  Joseph 

Ep 

PIKE 

Kb 

*Porter's  X  R 

Porter 

J  c 

Pike  Lake 

Kosciusko 

F  o 

*Portersville 

Duboia 

Hi 

*Piketon 

Marion 

Eh 

*Portland 

Fountain 

Hp 

Pilot  Knob 

Crawford 

J  i 

Portland 

Hancock 

Hb 

Pine  Creek 

Marshall 

Me 

Portland 

Jay 

Eg 

Pine  Creek 

Warren 

F  f 

*PortlandMills 

Putnam 

F  a 

Pine  Lake 

La  Porte 

Kb 

Port  Mitchell 

Morgan 

J    0 

*Pine  Lick 

Clarke 

Hj 

Port  Royal 

Noble 

Ef 

Pine  Village 

Warren 

G  n 

Port  William 

Lawrence 

Lk 

Pipe  Creek 

Franklin 

C  r 

POSEY 

J  h 

*Pipe  Creek 

Madison 

C  q 

*Poseyville 

Posey 

Gc 

Piqua 

Starke 

ft 

r'ouceaupich'x 

Gi 

*Pittsborough 

Hendricka 

River 

Tippecanoe 

Gf 

*Pittsburg 

Carroll 

Ld 

'Poughkeepsie 

Allen 

Hj 

*Plainfield 

Hendricka 

Gh 

3rairie  Creek 

Boone 

Ha 

Plainfield 

St.  Joseph 

ig 

Prairie  Creek 

Clinton 

Ej 

Plank  Road  M. 

Parke 

En 

Prairie  Creek 

Daviesa 

I    0 

Plattsburg 

Washington 

Lh 

Prairie  Creek 

Delaware 

Ln 

*Pleasant 

Switzerland 

Dl 

*Prairie  Creek 

Vigo 

Fk 

Pleasant  Card. 

Putnam 

Dh 

*Prairieton 

Vigo 

Hd 

Pleasant  Gro. 

Fulton 

(i  S 

'rairieville 

Clinton 

Ed 

'Pleasant  Gro. 

Jasper 

Ub 

Prairie  West 

.ake 

Eh 
Me 

*Pleasant  Hill  j  Montgomery 
Pleasant  Mills  lAdams 

[-1 

Li 

*Plattsburg 
Premium  Mills 

>Vayne 

REFERENCE    INDEX. 


119 


Ref. 
Let 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Jtef. 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Kn 

Presburg 

Jefferson 

J   m 

Rock  Creek 

Jennings 

Ka 

Pretty  Prairie 

La  Grange 

E  i 

Rock  Creek 

Parke 

Ke 
Eo 

*Price 
Pride's  Creek 

Huntington 
Pike 

Dg 
J  m 

Rock  Creek 
*Rockford 

Warren 
Jackson 

Dp 

*  Princeton 

Gibson 

Ke 

Rockford 

Wells 

Gf 

Prince  Wm. 

Tippecanoe 

Gr 

Rock  Island 

Perry 

Hp 
Gd 

*Proctersville 
PULASKI 

Crawford 

II  k 
Er 

Rockingham 
*Rockport 

Morgan 
Spencer 

J  a 

Pushawn 

La  Grange 

i"  ' 

tocky  Run 

Parke 

?j 

PUTNAM 
*Putnamville 

Putnam 

J   a 

tocky  Run 
Rocky  Run 

Montgomery 
Elkhart 

EJ 

*Roc/cville 

Parke 

J  n 
Mn 

*Queensville 
*Quercus  Gr. 

Jennings 
Switzerland 

Kh 
Eb 

togersville 
tolling  Prairie 

Henry 
Lake 

G  a 

tolling  Prairie 

La  Porte 

Kd 

Raccoon  V.  R. 

Huntington 

Kb 

Rome 

Noble 

En 

*Raglesville 

Daviess 

Jr  r 

*Rome 

Perry 

If 

*Rainsville 
*Raleigh 

Warren 
Rush 

Es 

*Romney 
*Root 

Tippecanoe 
Allen 

Kn 

Ramsey's  Mills 

Fefferson 

^i  j 

toseburg 

Union 

Mh 

*Randolph 

Randolph 

E  i 

*Roseville 

Parke 

Lh 

RANDOLPH 

Kl 

*Rossburg 

Decatur 

El 

Rawley's  Mills 

Clay 

G  g 

*Rossville 

Clinton 

Ki 

*Raysville 

3enry 

II  q 

Rothwick's  M. 

Crawford 

Gn 

ledding 

L,awrence 

Hi 

*Royalton 

Boone 

J  m 

*Reddington 

Fackson 

He 

*Royal  Centre 

D  g 

Redwood  Cr. 

Warren 

F  n 

Rusjglesville 

Daviess 

Gh 

Reese's  Mill 

3oone 

^  j 

RUSH 

Hq 

lemarkable  C. 

Crawford 

;  n 

Rush  Creek 

Washington 

Ed 

*Rensselaer 

Fasper 

K  j 

*Rushville 

Rush 

I  e 

*Reserve 

K  j 

*Russell'sMills 

Parke 

Ld 

Richardville 

Allen 

F  j 

*Russellville 

Putnam 

Kk 

*Richland 

Rush 

Gg 

*Russiaville 

Clinton 

Mj 

Richland  Cr. 

Jnion 

F  1 

Richland  Cr. 

3reene 

jr  r 

Sackett's  Mills 

Perry 

Kl 

lichmond 

Decatur 

I   n 

*Sage's  Ferry 

Jackson 

Mi 

^Richmond 

Wayne 

Lk 

Cain's  Creek 

Fayette 

Kg 

*Rich  Woods 

Delaware 

C  o 

St.Francisville 

ILLINOIS 

Mq 

Ridgeville 

Randolph 

D  b 

*St.  John 

Lake 

Dk 

-Riley 

Vigo 

Ha 

ST.  JOSEPH 

Ka 
Kj 
Lm 

*Ringgold 
RIPLEY 

La  Grange 
Rush 

Me 
J   a 
J  1 

St.  Joseph  R. 
St.  Joseph  R. 
St.  Louis 

Allen 

Elkhart 
Bartholomew 

Mm 

*  Rising  Sun 

Ohio 

F  r 

St.  Louis 

Perry 

Kd 

*Roanoke 

Huntington 

Me 

St.  Mary's  Riv. 

Adams 

Db 

Robinson's  Pr. 

Lake 

I  k 

*St.  Omer 

Decatur 

Eg 

*Rob  Roy 

Fountain 

Ke 

Salamonie  R. 

Huntington 

Mk 

Rochester 

Franklin 

Mh 

Salem 

Randolph 

Hd 

*Rockester 

Fulton 

I     0 

*  Salem 

Washington 

J  b 

Rochester 

Noble 

P  m 

Salisbury 

Greene 

I  1 

*Rock  Creek 

Bartholomew 

1    P 

Salisbury 

larrison 

Ge 

Rock  Creek 

Carroll 

Ml 

Salmon 

franklin 

120 


REFERENCE   INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

ReC 

Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

HI 

Salt  Creek 

Brown 

I     h 

Sly  Fork 

Hamilton 

Lk 

Salt  Creek 

Franklin 

K  j 

*Smelser's  M. 

Rush 

Hm 

Salt  Creek 

Jackson 

Dn 

Small  Creek 

Knox 

Gm 

Salt  Creek 

Lawrence 

I.  }, 

*Smithfield 

Delaware 

Ea 

Salt  Creek 

Porter 

<in 

Smith's  Lake 

La  Porte 

Fd 

Saltillo 

Jasper 

i;  n 

Smother's  Cr. 

Daviess 

J  o 

Saltillo 

Washington 

K  n 

Smockville 

Jefferson 

HI 
Kn 

Salt  Spring 

*Saluda 

Brown 
Jefferson 

]>r 
K  1 

Smyrna 
*Smyrna 

Vanderburg 
Decatur 

Kl 

Sand  Creek 

Decatur 

I.  k 

Somerset 

Franklin 

I  i 

Sand  Creek 

Hamilton 

I  i 

*Somerset 

Wabash 

J  m 

Sand  Creek 

Jennings 

H  a 

*South  Bend 

St.  Joseph 

Dq 
Ea 

Sandersville 
Sand  Hills 

Vanderburg 
Lake 

K    H 

M   !1 

South  Fork 
South  Fork 

Jennings 
Ohio 

Ee 

Sand  Ridge 

Benton 

Ml 

*South  Gate 

Franklin 

I  f 

*Santa  Fe 

Miami 

K  n 

*S.  Hanover 

Jefferson 

Fk 

Santa  Fe 

Owen 

I    r 

South  La  Gros 

Wabash 

Cr 

*Saundersville 

Vanderburg 

I.  a 

*South  .Milford 

La  Grange 

J  j 

•^avannah 

Shelby 

K  p 

8.  Patoka  Cr. 

Pike 

Scaffold  Prair. 

Greene 

I    i 

*Southport 

Marion 

I   g° 

Schoncks 

Tipton 

•  i  1 

Southport 

Owen 

Mk 
J  m 

Scipio 
*Scipio 

Franklin 
Jennings 

K  c 
Mn 

*S.  Whitley 
*Sparta 

Whitley 
Dearborn 

Bq 

-cipio  Creek 

Posey 

M  1, 

*Spartanbur<r 

Randolph 

*  Scotland 

Greene 

Sparke's  C.  B. 

Monroe 

Ka 

*Scott 

La  Grange 

H  n 

Sparke'sFerry 

Washington 

J    0 

SCOTT 

i-'  ; 

"Spencer 

Owen 

Gd 

Scott's  Creek 

White 

"  r 

SPENCER 

J  p 

-ellersburgh 

Clarke 

M  '• 

*Spencerville 

De  Kalb 

Eg 

*Shawnee  Mo. 

Tippecanoe 

K  i 

'Spiceland 

Henry 

Eg 

Shawnee  Pr. 

Fountain 

;  n 

Spider  Creek 

Lawrence 

Eg 

Shawnce  Vil. 

Tippecanoe 

\.  i 

*Springersv'le 

Fayette 

Dn 

Shakertown 

Xnox 

M  h 

*Springboro' 

Randolph 

Gh 

Shannon  Dale 

Montgomery 

Ik 

*Springtield 

Franklin 

I  g 

Sharpsville 

Tipton 

K  b 

*Springtield 

Noble 

J  k 

*Sheilville 
SHELBY 

Hamilton 

n 

Springfield 
Springfield 

Posey 
Whitley 

J  k 

*SMbyviUe 

Shelby 

KK 

*Spring  Hill 

Decatur 

Fi 

Sherwood's  F. 

Porter 

m 

'Spring  Hill 

Lawrence 

J  q 

He 

Shipping  Port 
*Sidney 

KENTUCKY 
Marshall 

;k 

;  i 

Spring  in  Cave 
*Spring  Town 

Owen 
Hendricks 

Dm 

*Silva 

Sullivan 

i  j 

*Spring  Valley  Marion 

J  p 

Mj 

Silver  Creek 
Silver  Creek 

Clarke 
Union 

;  H 

•^prinsville       La  Porte 
'Springville      Lawrence 

J  d 

Silver  Creek 

Wabash 

'  d' 

Squirrel  Creek'Miami 

J  p 

Sinking  Fork 

Clarke 

*Stanford         jMonroe 

Gn 

*Sinking  Spr. 

Lawrence 

1  d 

*State  Line       Jasper 

J  m 

*Six  Mile  Cr. 

Jennings 

I   n 

State  Ford        Jackson 

J  p 

Six  Mile  Island 

Clarke 

;  c 

STARKE 

F  o 

State  Creek 

Daviess 

Ma 

STEUBEN 

Ml 

State  Fork 

Brown 

,  a 

Steuben  Mills   Steuben 

Fm 

Slinkard's  Mill 

Greene 

L  g 

*Steubenville  ;Steuben 

REFERENCE    INDEX. 


121 


Ref- 
Let 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

Ref 
Let 

Names  of  Places 

Counties. 

K  j 

*Steele's 

Rush 

Dk 

*Terre  Haute 

Vigo 

Gp 
Gj 

*Stirling 
*Stilesville 

Crawford 
Hendricks 

I    g 

I     0 

Tetersburg 
*Texas 

Tipton 
Washington 

Lh 

Stoney  Creek 

Delaware 

|Gh 

*Thornleysvil 

Boone 

I   h 

Stoney  Creek 

Hamilton 

;G  h 

*Thorntown 

Boone 

F  a 
Hk 

Stoney  Lake 
Stott's  Creek 

La  Porte 
Morgan 

I  c 
Ff 

Tippecanoe 
*Tip.  Bat.  Gr. 

Marshall 
Tippecanoe 

F  p 

Strait's  River 

Dubois 

F  e 

TIPPEC'NOE 

I   h 

*Strawtown 

Hamilton 

I  c 

Tippecanoe  R 

L  m 

*Stringtown 

Ripley 

Be 

Tip  ton 

Cass 

Lk 

Strippshill 

Franklin 

I  g 

*Tipton 

Tiptou 

J  m 

Stucker'sFork 

Scott 

I  n 

TIPTON 

De 
F  o 

Sugar  Creek 
Sugar  Creek 

Benton 

Daviess 

Gl 

*Tiptonsport 
Tipton'slsland 

Carroll 
Jackson 

J  i 

'Sugar  Creek 

Hancock 

G  r 

Tobinsport 

Perry 

F  h 

Sugar  Creek 

Montgomery 

Di 

Toronto 

Vermilion 

E  i 
I   k 

Sugar  Creek 
Sugar  Ci'eek 

Parke 
Shelby 

Ke 

F  a 

*Tracy 
Trail  Creek 

Huntington 
La  Porte 

Gf 

Sugar  Creek 

Tippecanoe 

K   IT 

*Trask 

Grant 

Dk 

Sugar  Creek 

Vigo 

Lf 

Trenton 

Blackford 

Gf 
Dm 

*Sugar  Grove 
*Suilivan 

Tippecanoe 
Sullivan 

Mh 
1'  n 

*Trenton 
Trinity  Spr. 

Randolph 

Martin 

Dm 
F  n 

SULLIVAN 
Su[phur  Cr. 

Vlartin 

F  r 
Km 

Troy 
Tunnel  Mills 

Perry 
Jennings 

J  k 

*Sulphur  Hill 

Shelby 

J   I) 

Turkey  Creek 

Elkhart 

Ki 

*Sulphur  Spr. 

lenry 

Eb 

Turkey  Creek 

Lake 

F  n 
Gb 

Sulphur  Spr. 
Sulphur  Spr. 

Martin 
Starke 

L  a 
J  b 

Turkey  Creek 
Turkey  Lake 

La  Grange 
Kosciusko 

L  c 

Summerville 

Allen 

J  i' 

TurkeyPrairie 

Kosciusko 

L  h 

Summit  Level 

Henry 

ni 

Turman's  Cr 

Sullivan 

J  c 

*  Summit 

Whitley 

Dm 

Turtle  Creek 

Sullivan 

J  h 

*Summitville 

Madison 

Gg 

TwelveMilePr 

Ulinton 

Ha 

Sumption  Pr. 

St.  Joseph 

E  a 

Twenty  M.  Pr. 

Dorter 

J  J 

Swamp  Cr. 

Hancock 

a 

Twin  Creek 

St.  Joseph 

Kh 

*Swan 

Noble 

Hii 

Twin  Creek 

*Vashington 

Hn 

*Swanville 

efferson 

Twin  Lake 

La  Porte 

F  n 

Sweezy's  Mill 

Martin 

Gd 

TwoMilePrair. 

Pulaski 

Mn 

SWITZERL. 

J  b 

"Syracuse 

Kosciusko 

Mk 

Inion 

Franklin 

Mb 

Jnion 

Randolph 

I   1 

Taggart's  Set. 

5rown 

'>  P 

Union 

Pike 

I   1 

Tannehill's  M. 

Bartholomew 

Mj 

UNION 

Ml 

Tanner's  Cr. 

Dearborn 

F  b 

Union  Mills 

-is.  Porte    ' 

Gp 

Tar  Spring 

Crawford 

j  d 

*  Union  town 

Wells 

F  b 

!Tassinong 

Porter 

,  b 

Jniontown 

De  Kalb 

L  d 
Bq 

Taw-Taw 
*  Taylor 

Allen 
'osey 

1C 

Jl 

Union  Village 
Unionville 

Marshall 
don  roe 

I   1 
Eq 

Taylorsburg 
Taylorsville 

irown 
VVarrick 

v  a 
p 

Utah 
Utica 

-.a  Grange 
Clarke 

I   1 

Taylorsville 

Bartholomew 

e 

Utica 

Wabash 

Taylorsville 

Clinton 

Ga 

Terre  Coupee 

St.  Joseph 

Gb 

Vail's  Creek 

La  Porte 

11 

122 


REFERENCE   INDEX. 


Ref. 
Let 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

tut 

Let. 

Names  of  Places 

Counties.    ' 

Hp 

*VaJerme 

Orange 

J    b 

Wawas  Lake 

Kosciusko 

I  n 

*Vallonia 

Jackson 

I    b 

Waweassee  L. 

Kosciusko 

Eb 

*  Valparaiso 

Porter 

I    f 

Wawpecons 

Miami 

Ek 

*Van  Buren 

Clay 

I    m 

Waymansville 

Bartholomew 

Fl 

*Vandalia 

Owen 

Hi 

WAYNE 

Cr 

VANDERB'G 

j  i 

Waynesburg 

Decatur 

?! 

Vance's  Mills 
Vaughn's  Mills 

Clinton 
Shelby 

f  :  ii 

*Waynetown 
Wayport 

Montgomery 
Monroe 

Eo 

Veal's  Creek 

Daviesa 

F  - 

Wea  Creek 

Tippecanoe 

Di 

VERMILION 

Bf 

Wea  Prairie 

Tippecanoe 

Dh 

Vermilion  R, 

Vermilion 

F  z 

Weaton 

Tippecanoe 

I  f 
Km 

*Vermont 

Howard 
Jennings 

Web's  Ferry 
Webster 

Posey 
Kosciusko 

J  n 

Vernon  Fork 

Jackson 

'.]   f 

Webster's  Mill 

Grant 

Cr 

*Verona 

Vanderburg 

[I  m 

Weddle's  Mills 

Brown 

L  m 

*  Versailles 

Ripley 

!    c 

Weesaw 

Miami 

Mn 

*Vetay 

Switzerland 

Gb 

Weesaw 

St.  Joseph 

Mb 

Vienna 

DeKalb 

I    i 

Wellington 

Marion 

L  j 

Vienna 

Rush 

I    c 

WeesawCreek 

Miami 

J  a 

*Vienna 

Scott 

F  ? 

*WesleyChap 

Tippecanoe 

Dk 

VIGO 

L  <• 

WELLS 

Do 

*  Vincennes 

Knox 

lid 

*Wesley    ' 

Fulton 

Gm 

Virginia  Ir.W. 

Greene 

F  e 

West  Bedford 

White 

J   i 

West  Creek 

Hamilton 

J  e 

*  Wabash 

Wabash 

DC 

*West  Creek 

Lake 

J  e 

WABASH 

G  i 

West  Delphi 

Carroll 

J  e 

Wabash  River 

1    li 

*Westfield 

Hamilton 

Cr 
Kk 

Waggoree's  C. 
Walker's 

Vanderburg 
Rush 

C  r 
G  a 

*W.  Franklin 
W.  Hamilton 

Posey 
La  Porte 

Eh 
Fj 

*Wallace 
Walnut  Fork 

Fountain 
Putnam 

[    h 
I)  e 

*W.Kinderh'k 
*W.  Lebanon 

Tipton 
Warren 

J  f 

*Walnut  Cr. 

GJrant 

Iff 

West  Liberty 

Jay 

I   o 

Mg 
Kl 

*WalnutRidge 
Ward 
*Warren 

Washington 

Randolph 
Huntington 

He 

r   e 
Kl 

West  Logan 
*West  Point 
*West  Port 

7  ass 
Tippecanoe 
Decatur 

^  g 

WARREN 

Kp 

Westport 

KENTUCKY 

Dq 

*  Warren  ton 

Gibson 

Gk 

*West  Salem 

Morgan 

J  i 

Warrington 

Hancock 

I.  k 

West  Union 

Fayette 

Dq 

WARRICK 

I)  n 

*West  Union 

Knox 

Dq 

Warrickton 

Warrick 

Di 

West  Union 

Parke 

J  c 

*  Warsaw 

Kosciusko 

Ea 

Westville 

La  Porte 

He. 

Washington 

Cass 

Kg 

'Wheeling 

Delaware 

Eo 

*  Washington 

Daviess 

Hp 

Whiskey  Run. 

Crawford 

Mi 

Washington 

Wayne 

Gl 

*Whitehall 

Owen 

I    0 

WASHINGTN 

r.  k 

*\Vhitcomb 

franklin 

Gr 

Waterbury 

Perry 

J  i 

*White 

lancock 

J  a 

Waterford 

Elkhart 

G  e 

WHITE 

Fa 

Waterford 

La  Porte 

Hi 

White  Lick 

Horgan 

L  j 

*Waterloo 

Fayette 

Hi 

White  LickCr. 

lendricka 

De 

*Wauhoo 

Vigo 

i-;  i 

White  Oak  Cr. 

Clay 

Ei 
Hk 

*Waveland 
Waverley 

Montgomery 
Morgan 

K  f 
F  o 

White  Oak  Gr. 
*WhiteOakG. 

Benton 
Dubois 

REFERENCE   INDEX. 


123 


Ref 
Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Bc£ 

Let. 

Names  of  Places. 

Counties. 

Cp 

White  River 

Knox 

*Woodbury 

Vladison 

I  m 

White  River 

Jackson 

I  k 

Woodruffs 

Johnson 

Gl 

*White  Post 

Pulaski 

Br 

Wood's  Ferry 

Posey 

Mi 

*White  Water 

Wayne 

G  n 

Wood's  Ferry 

Lawrence". 

Mk 

White  W.  Riv 

II  n 

*Woodville 

Jackson 

Ml 

White  W.Can. 

Woodville 

Lawrence 

J  d 
Kc 

*Whitley 
WHITLEY 

Whifley 

lib 
I   n 

W'dworth's  L. 
Woody's  Fer. 

Marshall 
Jackson 

Gp 

*Wickliffe 

Crawford 

J  ii 

Wooster 

Scott 

I   8 

Wild  Cat  Cr. 

Tippecanoe 

F  o 

*Worth 

Dubois 

Gf 

Wild  Cat  Riv. 

Tipton 

F  m 

Worthington 

Greene 

I  i 

Williams  Cr. 

Marion 

F  m 

*Wright 

Greene 

Ej 

Williams  Cr. 

Parke 

I  j 

Wrightsdale 

Shelby 

Lj 

Williams  Cr. 

Fayette 

J  m 

Wyalosing  Cr. 

Jennings 

Hm 
I  k 
Mi 

Williamsburg 
Williamsburg 
nVilliamsb'rg 

Jackson 
Johnson 
Wayne 

v;f; 

Ef 

*WyandotVil. 
Wyland'sMills 
*Wynn 

Tippecanoe 
Elkhart 
Franklin 

Eg 
F  q 

*  Williamsport 
Williams'n'sM 

Warren 
Perry 

Gel 

Wyoming 

White 

Ek 

*Williamsto'n 

Clay 

J  f 

Xenia 

Miami 

Kk 

*Williamsto'n 

Decatur 

Gf 

Xenia 

Tippecanoe 

Ka 

Willis  Lake 

La  Grange 

Ea 

Willow  Creek 

Porter 

Le 

Yellow  Creek 

Adams 

Mm 

*Wilmington 

Dearborn 

I   a 

Yellow  Creek 

Elkhart 

Mm 

Wilson's  Cr. 

Dearborn 

Hb 

Yellow  River 

Marshall 

Do 

Wilson's  Cr. 

Knox 

Gc 

Yellow  River 

Starke 

Gl 

*  Winamac 

Pulaski 

lib 

Yellowbank  C. 

Marshall 

Mh 

*  Winchester 

Randolph 

I   k 

*  Yellow  Spr. 

Johnson 

Lh 

'Windsor 

Randolph 

Dp 

York 

Gibson 

Kn 

Wirt 

Jefferson 

Ml 

*York  Ridge 

Brown 

Db 

*Winfield 

Lake 

Kh 

*Yorktown 

Delaware 

Ep 

*Winslow 

Pike 

f" 

Yorktown 

Tippecanoe 

Ka 

*Wolcott's  M. 

La  Grange 

Young's  Creek 

Johnson 

Gh 

Wolf  Creek 

Boone 

F  h 

*Yountsville 

Montgomery 

He 

Wolf  Creek 

Marshall 

La 

Wolf  Lake 

La  Grange 

Kd 

Zanesville 

Wells 

Kb 

*Wolf  Lake 

Noble 

Km 

*Zenas 

Jennings 

ROUTES    IN    INDIANA. 


%*  The  first  column  of  figures  refers  to  the  distance  from  place  to  place, 
and  the  second  to  the  total  distance  from  starting  point. 

Madison  and  Indianapolis. 
MADISON    - 

Indianapolis,      Lawrence- 
burg,  and  Cincinnati. 

North  Madison      .       - 

2      2 

INDIANAPOLIS  - 

Wirt  

4      6 

SHELBFVILLE 

26    26 

Lancaster       ... 

4    10 

Middletown       - 

7    33 

Big  Creek  .... 

2    12 

St.  Omer       -       -       - 

3    36 

Camp  Creek  - 
Graham's  Fork  - 

2    14 
4    18 

Milford  Junctionf      • 
Greensburg   ... 

7    43 
10    53 

Vernon  - 

4    22 

Huntersville      . 

13    66 

North  Vernon   ... 

1    23 

Guiltbrd- 

Queensville    - 

5    28 

LAWRENCEBUBG 

*8    96 

Scipio        .... 

2    30 

State  Line 

2    98 

Tannersville  ... 

3    33 

CINCINNATI    - 

18  116 

Rock  Creek              * 

1    34 

Elizabethtown 

2    36 

Indianap's  and  Cincinnati. 

Taylorville    - 

6    49 

INDIANAPOLIS  - 

; 

Edinburg* 

5    54 

SHELBYVILLE 

26    26 

Amity     .... 

5    59 

Rushville  .... 

20    46 

Franklint  - 

5    64 

5    51 

Worthsville  - 

7    71 

Connersville     • 

12    63 

Greenwood        ... 

3    74 

Brownsville                    • 

7    70 

Southport      - 
INDIANAPOLIS  ... 

5    79 

7    86 

Liberty     - 
STATE  LINE  - 

5    75 

7    82 

Columbus  and  Jefferson. 

Oxford,  O.         ... 
Hamilton 

5    87 
24  111 

COLUMBUS        ... 

CINCINNATI      ... 

25  136 

Wailesboro'   -       -       * 

4      4 

Waynesville      - 
Bannersville  - 
Jonesville                  • 

2      6 
1      7 
3    10 

Indianapolis,   Eaton 
Cincinnati. 

and 

Rockford 

5    15 

INDIANAPOLIS  - 

Vernon  Fork     -       •"  «  • 

9    24 

Greenfield 

21    21 

Muscatatuk  Rirer  - 

4    28 

CharlottesTille  - 

8    29 

Centreville        -       * 

7    35 

Raysville 

5    34 

Vienna   -       -       •       * 

3    38 

Lewisville 

9    43 

Morristown              •       • 

7    45 

Dublin    - 

8    51 

Holmes'  Mills 

4    49 

CAMBRIDGE  CITT     - 

2    53 

Sellersburg        ... 

9    58 

Germantown 

2    55 

JEFFERSONVILLE  • 

8    66 

Centreyille 

7    62 

*  Branch  Railroad  to  Slielbyrille,  16  miles;  whence  continued  to  Knightetown,  37 
miles,  and  to  Rushville,  20  miles. 

i  Branch  Railroad,  via  Liberty  and  Morgantown,  to  MartinsviHe,  29  miles. 
Branch  Railroad  to  Milford,  4  miles. 


ROUTES    IN   INDIANA. 


125 


Indianapolis,   Eaton,   and 

Indianapolis  andLafayette. 

Cincinnati  —  Continued. 

INDIANAPOLIS  ... 

Richmond*                              6    68 

Piketon-       ...        7      7 

State  Linet        -        -        -    4    72 

Royalton  -        -        -        -    7    14 

Eaton    -        -        -        -        10    82 

Lebanon         -        -        -      12    26 

Hamilton    -        -        -        -  34  116 

Thorntown        -        -        -    8    34 

CINCINNATI                         25  141 

LAFAYETTE   -       •        -      26    60 

New  Castle,  Richmond,  and 

Indianapolis     and     Terre 

Logansport. 

1     Haute. 

RICHMOND 

INDIANAPOLIS  ... 

Washington                            9      9 

Bridgeport                              9      9 

Hagerstown       -        -        -    7    16 

Cartersburg       -        -        -    8    17 

NEWCASTLE         -        •      11    27 

N.Belleville   -        -        -        2    19 

ANDERSONTOWN       -        -  18    45 

Claysville  -        -        -        -    2    21 

LOGANSPORT         -       -      64  109 

Crittfenden      -        -        -        7    28 

West  Milton      -        -        -    1    29 

Indianapolis  and  Belief  on- 

Filhnore                                    5    34 
GREEN  CASTLE         -        -    6    40 

taine. 

Colloma                                   5    45 

INDIANAPOLIS  - 

Manhattan         -        -        -    2    47 

Zanesville      ...        6      6 

Brazil     -        -        -        -      11    58 

Oakland     -        -        -        -    5    11 

Highland    -        -        -        -    3    61 

Fortville                                  7    18 

TERHE  HAUTE       -        -      12    73 

Alibnte       -        -        -        -    2    20 

Pendleton                                7    27 
ANDERSONTOWN       -       -    7    34 

New  Albany  'and  Chicago. 

Yorktown       -                       12    46 

NEW  ALBANY  • 

MUNCIETOWX    -        .       -    6    52 

Bennetsville                          9        9 

Morristown    -        -        -        9    61 

N.  Providence         -        -    9      18 

Farmville  -        -        -        -    4    65 

Pekin                                      5      23 

Royston          ...        3    68 
WINCHESTER   -       -       -    5    73 
Union  (State  Line)        -      10    83 
BELLEFONTAINE,  O.         -  53  141 

SALEM      -       -       -       -  12      35 
Orleans                          -      20      55 
Woodville       -       -       -    7      62 
BEDFORD      -        -                8      70 

Fairfax     -        -        -        -  10      80 

Indianapolis  and  Elkhart. 

BLOOMINGTON     -              11      91 
Ellettsville       -        -        -    6      97 

INDIANAPOLIS 

GOSPORT                                8    105 

Noblesville  -        .        -      22      22 

Cloverdale       -        -        -11    116 

Tipton     -        -        -        -  17      39 

Putnamville          -                6    122 

Kokomo        -        -        -      16      55 

GREEN  CASTLE       -       -    5    127 

Miami      -       -       -       -    9      64 

Fincastle      '        -        -      12    139 

Leonda         .        -        -        5     .69 

CHAWFORDSVILLE  -       -  13    155 

Peru         -        -        -        -    6      75 

Linden-                        -      10    165 

Paw  Paw     -        .        -      14      89 

Romney                            -    5    170 

Warsaw  -        -        -        .  24    113 

LA  FAYETTE        -       -      13    183 

GOSHEN        -        -        -      26    139 

MICHIGAN  CITY      -        -  92    275 

ELKHAST         -       -       -  10    149 

CHICAGO      -       -       -     58    333 

*  Branch  Railroad  to  Dayton  and  Western  Railroad,  4  miles. 
t  Four  Mile  Valley  Railroad,  via  Fairhaven,  Ohio,  to  Junction  Railroad,  near 
Oxford,  23  miles,  diverges  here. 


126 


ROUTES   IN   INDIANA. 


Chicago,  Nor  them  Indiana. 

Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  — 

and  Monroe. 

Continued. 

CHICAGO          - 
State  Line    -        -        -      14      14 
Bailey  Town    -       -       -  27      41 
La  Porte       -        -        -      21      62 

Reservoir        -       -       -  11      81 
Antwerp                                3      84 
State  Line        ...    4      88 

West  Hamilton       -       -    5      67 

Indiana  Division. 

Carlisle         -        -        -      10      77 

Indiana  City                       3      9"1 

South  Bend     -        -        .  15      92 

Fairport  -        -        -        -    2      93 

Mishawaka  ...        4      96 

Lewiston                               3      96 

Elkhart*  -        -        -        -  12    108 

FOBT  WAYNK  -       -       -  12    108 

Bristol           ...        8    116 

Aboit6  -       -       -       -      11    119 

State  Line        -        -        -    7    123 

Huntington     -        -        -  16     135 

White  Pigeon,  Mich.    -       6    129 

Utica    ....        9    144 

Monroe     -        •        -        128    257 

Lagro       -        -        •        -    5    149 

WABASH      ...       6    155 

Chicago,  Northern  Indiana 

Peru         -        -        -        -  15    170 

and  Detroit. 

Lewisburg   -        -        -        8    178 

Chicago     .... 

LOGANSPORT  -        -        -    8    186 

State  Line      -        -        -      21    21 

Amsterdam  -        -        -        9    195 

Lake  Station      -        -        -  15    36 

Lockport         -        -        -    6    201 

Salt  Creek                             5    41 

Carrollton                             6    207 

N.  Ind.  R.K.  intersects     -    4    45 

Delphi      -        -        -        -    5    212 

New  City  West     -        -        3    48 
Michigan  City   -        -        -    9    57 
State  Line                               6    63 

Americus                               8    220 
LA  FAYETTE    -       -       -  10    230 
Lodi  or  Coal  Creek     -      51    281 

New  Buffalo      •        -        -    4    67 

TERRE  HAUTE        -        -  36    317 

Detroit   -        -        -        -    218  275 

Point  Commerce         -      42    359 

Wabash  and  Erie  Canal. 

Newburg  -        -        -        -  17    376 
Pigeon  Dam         -        -      72    448 

Ohio  Division. 

EVANSVILLE    •       -       -  19    467 

Manhattan  to  TOLEDO         4 
Port  Miami  ...        812 

Whitewater  Canal. 

Maumee  City  -       -        -    1      13 
Waterville                             5      18 

This  Canal   extends  from  Cambridge,  on 
the  National  Road,  to  the  Ohio  Kiver 

Otsego     •        -        -        -    7      25 

LAWRENCES  CBG  to  Hard- 

Providence                           5      30 

ingsburg     • 

Damascus        •        •        -    6      36 

Elizabethtown                   -    6 

Napoleon                               8      44 

Harrison                                 8    14 

Florida     -        -        -        -    8      52 

New  Trenton    -       -       -    6    20 

Independence                      5      57 

Brookville      -       -       -      11    31 

DEFIANCE        -       ••      -    4      61 

Laurel  City       -        -        -  14    45 

Junction  of  Miami  Exten- 

Connersville -        -        -      11    56 

sion  Canal                        9      70 

CAMBRIDGE       -        -        -  12    68 

*  Branch  Railroad  to  Gochen,  10  miles. 


1 

CATALOGUE 

07 

MAPS,  CHARTS,  BOOKS,  ETC,, 

PUBLISHED  BY 

J.    H.    COLTON, 

NO.    86    CEDAR-STREET,    NE"W    YORK. 


Illustrated  and  Embellished  Steel-Plate 

MAP  OF  THE  WORLD, 

On  Mercator's  Projection,  exhibiting  the  recent  Arctic 
and  Antarctic  Discoveries  and  Explorations,  &c.  dec* 
6  sheets.  Size,  80  by  60  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $10  00. 

This  splendid  and  highly-finished  map  is  the  largest  and  most  accurate 
work  of  the  kind  ever  published.  It  exhibits  a  full  resume  of  all  geo- 
graphical knowledge,  and  shows  at  one  view,  not  only  the  world  as  it 
now  is,  in  all  its  natural  and  political  relations,  but  also  the  progress  of 
discovery  from  the  earliest  ages.  In  its  compilation,  every  facility  has 
been  rendered  by  the  liberality  of  our  own  government  in  furnishing 
published  and  private  maps  and  documents ;  and  also  by  the  govern- 
ments of  Europe,  especially  those  of  France  and  England,  whose  rich 
stores  of  geographical  works  have  elicited  much,  that  until  the  present 
publication  has  been  as  a  sealed  letter.  As  a  work  of  art,  it  excels  all 
its  predecessors,  and  is  as  ornamental  as  useful.  It  is  beautifully  colored, 
and  mounted  in  the  handsomest  style. 


MAP  OF  THE  WORLD, 

On  Mercator's  Projection,  exhibiting  the  recent  Arctic 
and  Antarctic  Discoveries  and  Explorations,  &c.  &c. 
2  sheets.  Size,  44  by  36  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  §3  00. 

This  work  is  reduced  from  the  large  map,  and  contains  all  the  more 
important  features  of  that  publication.  It  has  been  constructed  with 
especial  reference  to  commercial  utility ;  the  ports,  lines  of  travel,  inte- 
rior trading  towns  and  posts,  &c.,  being  accurately  laid  down.  An  im- 
portant feature  in  this  map  is  the  transposition  of  the  continents  so  as  to 
give  America  a  central  position,  and  exhibit  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
oceans  in  their  entirety.  The  map  is  engraved  on  steel,  highly  embel- 
lished, and  mounted  in  the  best  style.  As  a  medium  sized  map,  it  coiv 
tains  much  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  information. 


2  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

MAP  OF  THE  WORLD, 

On  Mercator's  projection,  &c.    1  sheet.    Size,  28  by  22 
inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 

This  is  a  beautifully  got  up  map,  and,  from  the  closeness  of  its  infor- 
mation, contains  as  much  as  the  generality  of  maps  twice  its  size.  It  is 
well  adapted  for  the  use  of  those  who  do  not  require  the  detail  of 
topography,  which  is  the  peculiar  feature  in  the  larger  maps.  As  a 
companion  to  the  student  of  general  history  it  is,  perhaps,  prefer- 
able to  any  other,  as  it  is  compact  and  easy  of  reference.  The  pro- 
gress of  discovery,  from  the  tunes  of  Columbus  to  the  present  day,  is 
fully  exhibited ;  and  especial  care  has  been  taken  to  show  distinctly  the 
recent  explorations  in  the  Arctic  and  Antarctic  regions. 


MISSIONARY  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD, 

On  a  hemispherical  projection,  each  hemisphere  being 
six  feet  in  diameter,  and  both  printed  on  one  piece  of 
cloth  at  one  impression.  Size,  160  by  80  inches. 

Price,  $10  00. 

This  map  presents  to  the  eye,  at  one  view,  the  moral  and  religious 
condition  of  the  world,  and  the  efforts  that  are  now  making  for  its  evan- 
gelization. It  is  so  colored,  that  all  the  principal  religions  of  the  world, 
with  the  countries  in  which  they  prevail,  and  their  relation,  position, 
and  extent  are  distinguished  at  once,  together  with  the  principal  stations 
of  the  various  missionary  societies  in  our  own  and  other  countries.  It 
is  so  finished,  being  on  cloth,  that  it  may  be  easily  folded  and  conveyed 
from  place  to  place,  and  suspended  hi  any  large  room.  It  is  especially 
recommended  for  the  lecture-room,  Sunday-school,  &c.,  and  should  be 
possessed  by  every  congregation. 


MAP  OF  NORTH  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA, 

With  an  enlarged  plan  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  show- 
ing  the  line  of  the  railroad  from  Chagres  to  Panama ; 
also  tables  of  distances  from  the  principal  ports  of  the 
United  States  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  &c.  1  sheet. 
Size,  32  by  25  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


MAP  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 

Compiled  from  the  latest   authorities.     1  sheet.     Size, 
29  by  26  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  25 ;   in  cases,  $0  75. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLTON.  3 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  MAP  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES, 

With  the  adjacent  coasts  :  compiled  from  the  latest  au- 
thorities.   1  sheet.    Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50 ;  in  cases,  $0  75. 


MAP  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA, 

Carefully  compiled  from  the  latest  maps  and  charts  and 
other  geographical  publications.  2  sheets.  Size,  44 
by  31  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $4  OO. 

This  is  the  largest  and  best  map  of  South  America  ever  issued  in  this 
country,  and  the  only  one  available  for  commercial  purposes.  It  is  also 
an  excellent  school  map. 

MAP  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA, 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authorities,  and  accompanied 
with  statistical  tables  of  the  area,  population,  &c.,  of 
the  several  states.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50* 


MAP  OF  EUROPE, 

Carefully  compiled  from  the  latest  maps  and  charts, 
and  other  geographical  publications.  4  sheets.  Size, 
53  by  44  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $5  00. 

The  best  map  of  Europe  extant,  exhibiting  the  topography  and  polit- 
ical condition  of  that  continent  with  great  accuracy.  It  is  an  excellent 
map  for  schools  as  well  as  for  the  merchant's  office. 


MAP  OF  EUROPE, 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authorities,  &c.,  with  static 
tical  tables  exhibiting  the  area,  population,  form  of 
government,  religion,  &c.,  of  each  state.  1  sheet* 
Size,  32  by  25  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


MAP  OF  ASIA, 

Carefully  compiled  from  the  latest  maps  and  charts, 
and  other  geographical  publications.  4  sheets.  Size, 
58  by  44  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $5  00. 

This  map  is  the  largest  and  most  accurate  ever  issued  in  America) 
and  contains  all  the  most  recent  determinations  in  British  India,  &c. 


4  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

It  is  indispensably  necessary  to  merchants  trading  with  China,  India, 
&o,  and  must  be  especially  valuable  at  the  present  time,  when  our  con- 
nection with  those  countries  is  daily  becoming  more  intimate.  Nor  is 
U  less  valuable  for  seminaries  of  learning. 


MAP  OF  ASIA, 

Compiled  from  the  most  recent  authorities,  together 
with  statistical  tables  of  the  area,  population,  &c.,  of 
each  state.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


MAP  OF  AFRICA, 

Carefully  compiled  from  the  latest  maps  and  charts, 
and  other  geographical  publications.  4  sheets.  Size, 
58  by  44  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $5  00. 

The  largest  and  most  accurate  map  of  Africa  ever  published  in  the 
United  States.  It  exhibits  the  most  recent  discoveries  of  travellers — 
the  new  political  divisions  on  the  north  and  west  coasts  and  in  South- 
ern Africa,  &c^  &c.  As  an  office  or  school  map  it  has  no  superior. 

MAP  OF  AFRICA, 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authorities,  and  accompanied 
with  statistical  tables  of  the  area,  population,  &c.,  of 
each  state.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
THE  BRITISH  PROVINCES.  MEXICO,  AND  THE  WEST  INDIES, 

Showing  the  country  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
ocean.    4  sheets.    Size,  62  by  55  inches. 

Price,  $5  00. 

Extraordinary  exertions  have  been  employed  to  make  this  map  perfect- 
ly reliable  and  authentic  in  all  respects.  It  is  the  only  large  map  that  ex- 
hibits the  United  States  in  its  full  extent  Being  engraved  on  steel,  and 
handsomely  mounted,  it  forms  not  only  a  useful,  but  highly  ornamental 
addition  to  the  office,  library,  or  hall.  All  the  railroads,  canals,  and 
post-roads,  with  distances  from  place  to  place,  are  accurately  laid  down. 
To  make  the  map  more  generally  useful,  the  publisher  has  appended  to 
it  a  map  of  Central  America  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  also  a 
map  of  North  and  South  America  conjointly.  It  deserves  to  take  prece- 
dence of  all  maps  heretofore  published  in  this  country. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLTON.  5 

MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

THE  BRITISH  PROVINCES,  MEXICO,  THE  WEST  INDIES,  AND 

CENTRAL  AMERICA,  WITH  PARTS  OF  NEW 

GRENADA  AND  VENEZUELA, 

Exhibiting  the  country  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
and  from  50°  N.  lat.  to   the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and 
the  Oronoco  river.    2  sheets.    Size,  45  by  36  inches. 
Price,  mounted,  $2  50  ;  in  cases,  $1  50. 

The  vast  extent  of  country  embraced  in  this  map,  and  the  importance 
of  the  territories  portrayed,  render  it  one  of  the  most  useful  to  the  mer- 
chant and  all  others  connected  with  or  interested  in  the  onward  pro- 
gress of  the  United  States.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  present  times, 
showing,  as  it  does,  the  whole  sphere  of  American  steam  navigation  on 
both  sides  of  the  continent,  and  giving  the  best  delineations  extant  of 
our  new  territories  on  the  Pacific.  Ail  the  railroads  and  canals  are  laid 
down  with  accuracy.  There  is  also  appended  to  the  map  a  diagram  of 
the  Atlantic  ocean,  in  reference  to  steam  communication  between  Eu- 
rope and  America ;  and  a  detailed  plan  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  show- 
ing the  proposed  lines  of  inter-oceanic  intercourse.  The  map  is  engraved 
on  steel  and  highly  embelliatied. 


MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

THE  BRITISH  PROVINCES,  WITH  PARTS  OF  MEXICO  AND 

THE  WEST  INDIES. 
4  sheets.    Size,  48  by  38  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $2  00* 

This  is  a  good  map  of  the  settled  portion  of  the  United  States,  fee., 
and  contains  all  the  railroads,  canals,  and  post-roads,  &c.,  with  the  dis- 
tances from  place  to  place. 


MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK, 
WITH  PARTS  OF  THE  ADJACENT  COUNTRY, 

Embracing  plans  of  the  principal  cities  and  some  of  the 
larger  villages.  By  David  H.  Burr.  6  sheets.  Size, 
60  by  50  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $4  00. 

This  is  the  largest  and  best  map  of  the  state  in  the  market,  and  ex- 
hibits accurately  all  the  county  and  township  lines;  all  internal  im- 
provements, and  the  position  of  cities,  villages,  &c.  A  new  edition, 
embracing  all  the  alterations  made  by  the  state  legislature,  is  issued  as 
varly  as  possible  after  the  close  of  each  session  annually,  so  that  the 
public  may  rely  on  its  completeness  at  the  date  of  issue. 

1* 


6      MAPS,  CHARTS,  BOOKS,  ETC. 
1 

MAP  OF  THE  STATES  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  AND  N,  YORK, 

With  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  the  Canadas, 
Arc.,  showing  the  railroads,  canals,  and  stage-roads, 
with  distances  from  place  to  place.  1  sheet.  Size,  30 
by  23  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  25. 

This  is  an  exceedingly  minute  and  correct  map,  having  been  compiled 
with  great  care  and  a  strict  adherence  to  actual  survey. 


MAP   OF   THE   COUNTRY  33   MILES  AROUND 
THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 

Compiled  from  the  maps  of  the  United  States'  Coast 
Survey  and  other  authorities.  1  sheet.  Size,  29  by 
26  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50;   in  cases,  $0  75. 


MAP  OF  LONG  ISLAND, 

With  the  environs  of  the  city  of  New  York  and  the 
southern  part  of  Connecticut.  By  J.  Calvin  Smith. 
4  sheets.  Size,  60  by  42  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $3  00. 


TRAVELER'S  MAP  OF  LONG  ISLAND, 

Price,  in  cases,  $0  38. 

A  neat  pocket  map  for  duck-shooters  and  other  sportsmen. 


MAP  OF  THE  CITY  AND  COUNTY  OF  NEW  YORK, 

Brooklyn,  Williamsbnrg,  Jersey  City,  and  the  adjacent 
waters.    3  sheets.    Size,  56  by  32  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $3  00. 

The  Commissioners'  Survey  is  the  basis  of  this  map.  The  improve- 
ments have  been  accurately  laid  down :  and  to  make  the  work  more 
valuable,  maps  of  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  of  the  Hudson  river,  and 
of  the  cities  of  Boston  and  Philadelphia,  have  been  appended.  No 
exertion  has  been  spared  to  keep  the  work  up  with  the  progress  of  the 
city  and  neighborhood.  The  exceedingly  low  price  at  which  it  is  issued 
ought  to  secure  to  it  a  large  circulation. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    CO1TON.  7 

MAP  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK, 

Together  with  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  Greenpoiet, 
Jersey  City,  Hoboken,  *fcc.,  exhibiting  a  plan  of  the 
port  of  New  York,  with  its  islands,  sandbanks,  rocks, 
and  the  soundings  in  feet.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  26 
inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50 ;  in  cases,  $0  75 


MAP  OF  THE  CITY  OF  BROOKLYN, 

As  laid  out  by  commissioners  and  confirmed  by  acts  of 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York,  made  from 
actual  survey— the  farm-lines  and  names  of  original 
owners  being  accurately  drawn  from  authentic  sources. 
Containing  also  a  map  of  the  village  of  Williamsburg 
and  part  of  the  city  of  New  York,  &c.,  &c.  2  sheets. 
Size,  48  by  36  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $4  00. 


SECTIONAL  MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS, 

Compiled  from  the  United  States'  surveys.  Also  exhibit- 
ing the  internal  improvements;  distances  between 
towns,  villages,  and  post-offices  ;  outlines  of  prairies, 
woodlands,  marshes,  and  lands*  donated  by  the  Gene- 
ral Government  for  the  purposes  of  internal  improve- 
ments. By  J.  M.  Peck,  Tohii  Messenger,  and  A.  J. 
Bfathewson.  2  sheets.  Size,  43  by  32  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $2  50 ;  in  cases,  $1  50. 
The  largest,  most  accurate,  and  only  reliable  map  of  Illinois  extant 


MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA, 

Compiled  from  the  United  States'  Surveys  by  S.  D. 
King.  Exhibiting  the  sections  and  fractional  sections, 
situation  and  boundaries  of  counties,  the  location  of 
cities,  villages,  and  post-offices — canals,  railroads,  and 
other  internal  improvements,  &c.,  «fcc.  6  sheets.  Size, 
66  by  48  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $6  00. 

The  only  large  and  accurate  map  of  Indiana  ever  issued,  and  one 
that  every  land-owner  and  speculator  will  find  indispensably  necessary 
to  a  full  understanding  of  the  topography  of  the  country,  and  the  im- 
provements which  have  been  completed,  and  those  which  are  now  in 
progress.  It  is  handsomely  engraved  and  embellished. 


8  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA, 

Compiled  from  the  United  States'  surveys.  Exhibiting 
the  sections  and  fractional  sections,  situation  and 
boundaries  of  counties,  the  location  of  cities,  villages, 
and  post-offices— canals,  railroads,  and  other  internal 
improvements,  Arc.,  &c.  2  sheets.  Size,  43  by  32 
inches.  (In  progress.)  Price,  mounted,  $3  00. 

This  map  is  a  reduction  from  the  large  work,  and  contains  equally 

with  that  important  publication  all  the  essential  features  of  the  state 

and  the  improvements  that  have  been  effected.    It  is  suitable  for  an 

office  or  house  map. 


A  NEW  MAP  OF  INDIANA, 

Reduced  from  the  large  map.  Exhibiting  the  boundaries 
of  counties ;  township  surveys  ;  location  of  cities,  towns, 
villages,  and  post-offices—canals,  railroads,  and  other 
internal  improvements,  &c.  1  sheet.  Size,  15  by  12 
inches.  (In  progress.)  Price,  in  cases,  $0  38. 


MAP  OF  MICHIGAN, 

Hap  of  the  surveyed  p%rt  of  the  State  of  Michigan.    By 
John  Farmer.    1  sheet.     Size,  35  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $2  00;    in  cases,  Si  50. 


MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  STATES, 

Viz.  t  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Iowa, 
and  Wisconsin,  and  the  Territory  of  Minesota,  show- 
ing the  township  lines  of  the  United  States'  Surveys, 
location  of  cities,  towns,  villages,  post-hamlets—canals, 
railroads,  and  stage-roads.  By  J.  Calvin  Smith.  1 
sheet.  Size,  23  by  24  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  25. 


MAP  OF  FRANCE,  BELGIUM, 

And  the   adjacent   countries.    Compiled  from  the   latest 
authorities,  and  exhibiting  the  railroads  and  canals. 
1  sheet.    Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLTON.  9 

STREAM  OF  TIME, 

Or  Chart  of  Universal  History.  From  the  original  Ger. 
man  of  Strauss.  Revised  and  continued  by  R.  8* 
Fisher,  N.  D.  Size,  43  by  32  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $2  50* 

An  invaluable  companion  to  every  student  of  History. 


THE  FAMILY  AND  SCHOOL  MONITOR, 

An  Educational  Chart.    By  James  Henry,  Jr.    2  sheets. 
Size,  43  by  32  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 

In  this  chart,  the  fundamental  maxims  on  Education—  physical,  moral, 
end  intellectual — are  presented  in  such  a  manner  as  to  fix  the  attention 
and  impress  the  memory.  It  cannot  fail  to  be  eminently  useful ;  in- 
deed, we  believe  the  public  will  regard  it  as  indispensable  to  every 
family  and  school  in  our  country. 


PORTRAITS  OF  THE  PRESIDENTS, 

And  Declaration  of  Independence.    1  sheet.    Size,  42  by 
31  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


NEW  MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AMERICA, 

From  the  most  recent  and  authentic  sources  ;  showing 
the  lines  of  communication  between  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  oceans.  One  sheet.  Price,  in  cases,  $0  50. 


MOUNTAINS  AND  RIVERS, 

A  combined  view  of  the  principal  mountains  and  rivers 
in  the  world,  with  tables  showing  their  relative  heights 
and  lengths.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


A  CHART  OF  NATIONAL  FLAGS, 

Each   represented   in  its  appropriate  colors.    1  sheet* 
Size,  2S  by  22  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 


10  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

AN  ILLUSTRATED  MAP  OF  HUMAN  LIFE, 

Deduced  frpm  passages  of  Sacred  Writ.    1  sheet.    Size, 
25  by  20  inches.  Price,  mounted,  §0  75. 


MAP  OF  PALESTINE, 

From  the  latest  authorities :  chiefly  from  the  maps  and 
drawings  of  Robinson  &  Smith,  with  corrections  and 
additions  furnished  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  E.  Robinson,  and 
with  plans  of  Jerusalem  and  of  the  jonrneyings  of  the 
Israelites.  4  sheets.  Size,  80  by  62  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $6  00. 

This  large  and  elegant  map  of  the  Holy  Land  is  intended  for  the  Sun- 
day-school and  Lecture-room.  It  is  boldly  executed,  and  lettered  in 
large  type,  which  may  be  read  at  a  great  distance.  Both  the  ancient 
and  modern  names  of  places  are  given. 


MAP  OF  PALESTINE, 

From  the  latest  authorities:  chiefly  from  the  maps  and 
drawings  of  Robinson  &  Smith,  with  corrections  and 
additions  furnished  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  E.  Robinson.  2 
sheets.  Size,  43  by  32  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $2  50. 

This  map  is  elegantly  engraved  on  steel,  and  is  peculiarly  adapted  to 
family  use  and  the  use  of  theological  students.  It  contains  every  place 
noted  on  the  larger  map,  the  only  difference  being  in  the  scale  on  which 
it  is  drawn.  While  the  large  map  is  well  suited  for  a  school  or  lecture- 
room,  this  is  more  convenient  for  family  use  and  private  study.  Plans 
of  Jerusalem  and  the  vicinity  of  Jerusalem  are  attached.  The  religious 
and  secular  press  throughout  the  country  has  expressed  a  decided 
preference  for  this  map  of  Professor  Robinson  over  all  others  that  have 
ever  been  issued. 


MAP  OF  EGYPT, 

The  Peninsula  of  Mount  Sinai,  Arabia  Petraea,  with  the 
southern  part  of  Palestine.  Compiled  from  the  latest 
authorities.  Showing  the  jonrneyings  of  the  children 
of  Israel  from  Egypt  to  the  Holy  Land.  1  sheet. 
Size,  32  by  25  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  50. 

An  excellent  aid  to  the  Bible  student. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLTON.  11 

NEW  TESTAMENT  MAP, 

A  map  of  the  countries  mentioned  in  the  New  Testament 
and  of  the  travels  of  the  Apostles— with  ancient  and  mod- 
ern names,  from  the  most  authentic  sources.  1  sheet. 
Size,  32  by  25  inches.  Price,  mounted,  $1  25. 

u  Its  size,  finish,  distinctness,  fullness,  and  accuracy,  make  it  very  ele- 
gant and  useful.  Sabbath-school  teachers  and  private  Christians,  as 
well  as  theological  students,  may  esteem  and  use  it  with  great  advan- 
tage. *  *  *  I  own  and  value."  Samuel  H.  Cox,  D.  D. 

w  On  a  scale  neither  too  large  to  be  unwieldy,  nor  yet  too  small  to  be 
accurate,  it  presents  at  a  single  view,  with  great  distinctness,  the  scenes 
of  the  striking  events  of  the  New  Testament,  and  cannot  fail  to  give  to 
those  events  a  greater  clearness,  and  by  presenting  so  plainly  their  lo- 
calities to  throw  over  them  new  interest.  *  *  *  *  *  It  seems  to 
have  been  drawn  in  accordance  with  the  best  authorities." 

Erskine  Mason,  D.  D. 

"  Valuable  for  accuracy,  beauty,  and  cheapness.    Having  both  the 
ancient  and  modem  names  of  places,  and  being  of  portable  size,  it 
would  appear  happily  adapted  for  the  use  of  Sabbath-school  teachers." 
William  R.  Williams,  D.  D. 

"  I  have  been  much  pleased  with  the  apparent  accuracy,  and  the 
beautiful  execution  of  a  map  of  the  countries  mentioned  in  the  New 
Testament,  published  by  Mr.  Colton,  and  think  it  adapted  to  be  useful." 
Stephen  U.  Tyng,  D.  D. 


GUIDE-BOOK  THROUGH  THE  UNITED  STATES,  &c, 

Travelers'  and  Tourists'  Guide-Book  through  the  United 
States  of  America  and  the  Canadas.  Containing  the 
routes  and  distances  on  all  the  great  lines  of  travel  by 
railroads,  canals,  stage-roads,  and  steamboats,  togeth- 
er with  descriptions  of  the  several  states,  and  the 
principal  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  in  each— accom- 
panied with  a  large  and  accurate  map. 

Price,  $1  25. 


ROUTE-BOOK  THROUGH  THE  UNITED  STATES,  &o, 

Travelers'  and  Tourists'  Route-Book  through  the  United 
States  of  America  and  the  Canadas.  Containing  the 
routes  and  distances  on  all  the  great  lines  of  travel  by 
railroads,  stage-roads,  canals,  rivers,  and  lakes,  &c.— 
accompanied  with  a  large  and  accurate  map. 

Price,  $1  00. 


12  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Tbc  Canadas,  «fcc.,  showing  the  railroads,  canals,  and 
stage-roads,  with  the  distances  from  place  to  place. 
Size,  28  by  32  inches.  Price,  in  cases,  §0  63. 


MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

The  British  Provinces,  &c.    Size,  24  by  20  inches. 

Price,  in  cases,  $0  38. 


MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

The  British  Provinces,  Mexico,  and  Central  America, 
showing  the  rontes  of  the  U.  S.  Mail  Steam-ships  to 
California  and  Oregon,  with  a  plan  of  the  "  Gold 
Region,"  «fcc.  Size,  32  by  25  inches. 

Price,  in  sheets,  $0  25 ;  in  cases,  $0  38. 


GUIDE-BOOK 
THROUGH  THE  NEW  ENGLAND  AND  MIDDLE  STATES. 

Traveler's  and  Tourist's  Guide-Book  through  the  New 
England  and  Middle  States,  and  the  Canadas.  Con. 
taining  the  rontes  and  distances  on  all  the  great  lines 
of  travel  by  railroads,  canals,  stage-roads,  and  steam- 
boats, together  with  descriptions  of  the  several  states, 
and  the  principal  cities,  towns,  and  villages  in  each- 
accompanied  with  a  large  and  accurate  map. 

Price,  §0  75. 


MAP  OF  NEW  YORK, 

With  parts  of  the  adjoining  States  and  Canada,  show- 
ing the  railroads,  canals,  and  stage-roads,  with  distan- 
ces from  place  to  place.  Price,  in  cases,  $0  38. 


MAP  OF  THE  NEW  ENGLAND  STATES, 

Showing   the    railroads,   canals,   and   stage-roads,  with 
distances  from  place  to  place.      Price,  in  cases,  §0  38* 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.     COLTON.  13 

THE  WESTERN  TOURIST, 

And  Emigrant's  Guide  through  the  stares  of  Ohio,  Mich- 
igan, IndiaHa,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Iowa,  and  Wiscon- 
sin, and  the  territories  of  Minesota,  Missouri,  and 
Nebraska,  being  an  accurate  and  concise  description 
of  each  state  and  territory  ;  and  containing  the  routes 
and  distances  on  the  great  lines  of  travel— accompanied 
with  a  large  and  minute  map,  exhibiting  the  township 
lines  of  the  United  States'  surreys,  the  boundaries  of 
counties,  and  the  position  of  cities,  villages,  and  set- 
tlements,  &c.  Price,  $0  75. 


THE  BOOK  OF  THE  WORLD; 

Being  an  account  of  all  Republics,  Empires,  Kingdoms, 
and  Nations,  in  reference  to  their  geography,  statistics, 
commerce,  &c.,  together  with  a  brief  historical  outline 
of  their  rise,  progress,  and  present  condition,  &c.,  &c. 
By  Richard  8.  Fisher,  M.  D.  In  two  volumes,  pp.  632- 
727.  (Illustrated  with  maps  and  charts.) 

Price,  $5  00. 
OPINIONS. 

M I  have  looked  over  the  work  with  a  good  deal  of  interest.  It  ap- 
pears to  me  to  be  a  very  useful  publication.  It  brings  down  the  geo- 
graphical and  statistical  information  of  the  various  countries  of  the 
world  to  a  much  later  period  than  any  other  work  that  has  come  under 
my  observation,  and  will  not  only  be  useful  to  the  student,  but  to  every 
man  desirous  of  obtaining  the  latest  and  most  authentic  information." 
Millard  Fillmore,  Vice  Pres.  of  U.  S. 

"  The  work  appears  to  me  a  very  excellent  one,  and  a  very  valuable 
contribution  to  American  literature."  Charles  Anihon,  LL.  D. 

"  I  have  examined  it  sufficiently  to  perceive  that  it  contains  an  im- 
mense amount  of  interesting  and  useful  information." 

Robert  C.  Winthrop,  M.  C. 

"  It  deserves  a  place  in  that  indispensable  department  of  every  pri- 
vate, and  especially  of  every  school  library— the  department  of  books 
of  reference."  Henry  Barnard,  Sup.  Com.  Schools  in  Conn. 

"  I  have  been  fully  satisfied  with  the  fulness  and  extent  of  the  infor- 
mation its  ample  pages  present  in  answer  to  every  inquiry — embracing 
topography,  physical  geography,  climate,  products,  mineral  resources, 
commerce,  and  history."  5.  W.  Seton,  Jlgt.  Pub.  Sch.  Soc.  JV.  Y. 

"  It  appears  to  me  to  contain  a  more  full  and  accurate  exhibition  of 
the  world,  in  its  geographical,  commercial,  and  statistical  aspects,  than 
any  work  with  which  I  am  acquainted." 

Rev.  R.  R.  Qurley,  Chaplain  U.  S.  Small. 


14  MAPS,    CHARTS,    BOOKS,    ETC., 

44  As  a  book  of  reference  it  is  of  great  value,  and  contains  more  in 
the  same  space  than  any  work  of  a  similar  character  1  have  yet  seen. 
•  *  •  *  I  have  great  pleasure  in  recommending  this  book  to  all 
persons  who  desire  to  possess  a  work  of  reference  touching  the  great 
interests  of  all  nations." 

Mbott  Lawrence,  U.  S.  Minister  to  England. 

"The  work,  as  a  whole,  may  be  said  to  constitute  a  library  within  it 
self.  There  is  no  point,  scarcely,  in  art,  science,  literature,  economy,  01 
history,  at  all  appropriate  to  the  subjects  treated  upon,  which,  on  refer- 
ence to  the  work,  will  not  be  found  fully  elucidated ;  and  the  aim  of  the 
author  seems  to  have  been  to  condense  into  as  small  a  space  as  possible 
the  entire  circle  of  human  knowledge." 

Hunfs  MercJiants1  Magazine. 

44  No  work  of  a  similar  character,  or  on  so  magnificent  a  scale,  baa 
been  issued  from  the  American  press  since  the  volumes  of  the  veteran 
Morse.  •  •  *  *  The  author  has  omitted  nothing  that  could  at  all 
add  to  the  perfection  of  his  work."  Democratic  Review. 

44  We  feel  assured  that  the  learned  compiler  of  these  volumes  has 
spared  no  investigation  and  care  to  exhibit  the  world  as  it  now  is,  and 
we  can  very  confidently  recommend  the  result  of  his  labors.  Such  a 
work  was  especially  needed."  National  Intelligencer. 

44  It  is  written  in  a  style  at  once  easy,  perspicuous,  and  energetic." 

Independent,  JV.  T. 

«*  We  feel  satisfied  that  the  greatest  labor  and  pains-taking  must  have 
been  expended,  to  have  brought  together  such  an  amount  of  valuable 
information."  JV".  Y.  Journal  of  Commerce. 

44  Editors  and  politicians,  especially,  have  great  use  for  such  a  work. 
They  have  constant  occasion  to  appeal  to  just  such  statistics  as  these 
volumes  embody,  to  illustrate  and  enforce  their  arguments  or  explode 
the  sophistries  of  dogmatists."  National  Era. 

"The  'Book  of  the  World,'  embodying  as  it  does  a  vast  and  varied 
amount  of  information,  drawn  from  all  available  authentic  sources,  pos- 
sesses great  intrinsic  value,  and  must  prove  useful  to  all  classes  of  Amer- 
ican readers."  Texas  Wesleyan  Banner. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  VIEW  OF  THE  WORLD, 

Exhibiting  the  leading  events  of  Universal  History;  the 
origin  and  progress  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  dtc.  ; 
collected  chiefly  from  the  article  "  Chronology"  in  the 
new  Edinburgh  Encyclopedia,  edited  by  Sir  David 
Brewster,  LL.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. ;  with  an  enlarged 
view  of  important  events,  particularly  In  regard  to 
American  History,  and  a  continuation  to  the  present 
time,  by  Daniel  Haskell,  A.  31.,  American  Editor  of 
DfcCnlloch's  Universal  Gazetteer,  &c,  12mo.  pp.  267. 

^rice,  $0  75. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.    COLT  ON.  15 

COLTON'S  OUTLINE  MAPS, 

ADAPTED  TO  THE  USE  OF 

PRIMARY,   GRAMMAR,   AND  HIGH  SCHOOLS, 


This  new  and  valuable  Series  of  Outline  Maps  comprises — 
A  Map  of  the  World,  in  two  hemispheres,  each  80 
inches  in  diameter,  and  separately  mounted. 

A  Map  of  the  United  States,  80  by  62  inches. 
A  Map  of  Europe,  80  by  62  inches,  on  the  same  plan 
with  that  of  the  United  States,  will  complete  the  series. 

THE  MAPS  OF  THE  WORLD 

Are  nearly  quadruple  the  size  of  any  others  now  in  use,  and  exhibit 
the  different  portions  of  the  Earth's  surface  in  bold  and  vivid  out- 
line, which  makes  them  sufficiently  distinct  to  be  plainly  seen  and 
studied  from  the  most  distant  parts  of  the  largest  school-room.  They 
exhibit  the  physical  features  of  the  World,  and  also  give  an  accurate 
view  of  its  political  divisions,  showing  the  relative  size  of  each,  with 
their  natural  and  conventional  boundaries.  In  the  corners  of  each 
map  there  are  diagrams  which  exhibit  the  elements  of  physical  geogra- 
phy, as  the  parallels,  meridians,  zones,  and  climates— the  latter  by 
isothermal  lines.  There  are  also  appended  two  separate  hemispheres, 
exhibiting  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  complete,  fee.,  forming  in  all 
eight  different  diagrams,  illustrative  of  the  primary  elements  of  the 
science.  These  appendices  will  greatly  assist  the  teacher  in  his  eluci- 
dations, and  make  tangible  to  the  scholar  the  basis  of  geographical 
mechanism. 

THE  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  . 

Exhibits  the  entire  territory  of  the  Union  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  Oceans,  and  also  the  greater  portion  of  the  British  Possessions  in 
the  North,  and  the  whole  of  Mexico  and  Central  America,  with  part  ot 
the  West  Indies,  in  the  South.  It  has  also  appended  to  it  a  MAP  OF 
THE  NEW-ENGLAND  STATES,  on  a  larger  scale.  The  physical 
and  political  geography  of  thjs  interesting  region  is  minutely  detailed. 
The  localities  of  the  cities,  and  important  towns,  ports,  and  harbors 
are  denoted  by  points,  and  the  map  generally  has  been  constructed  on 
the  most  approved  principles,  under  the  supervision  and  advice  of 
several  competent  and  experienced  teachers. 

The  Price  of  these  Maps  is  $5  each 


16  COLTON'S  UNIFORM  SERIES 

OF 

TOWNSHIP   MAPS 

OF  THE  SEVERAL 

STATES    OF    THE   UNION, 

Compiled  from  the  U.  S.  Surreys  and  other  Sources. 


These  Maps  are  compiled  from  the  original  U.  S.  surveys, 
and  other  authentic  and  reliable  sources.  The  size  of  each 
is  29X32  inches.  They  contain  all  the  internal  improve- 
ments, as  railroads,  canals,  and  post-roads ;  the  location  of 
mines  and  mineral  lands;  the  names  of  all  cities,  towns, 
villages,  post-offices,  and  settlements ;  the  county  and  town- 
ship lines ;  and  all  other  information  usually  sought  for  on 
maps — each  map  forming  in  itself  a  complete  reflex  of  the 
condition  of  the  State  it  represents.  The  following  States 
of  the  series  have  been  completed : — 


MAINE, 

N.  HAMP.  &  VT. 
MASS.,  R.  L  &  CONN. 
NEW  YORK, 


OHIO, 

WISCONSIN, 
IOWA, 
MISSOURI, 


VIRGINIA,  MARYLAND,  &  DELAWARE. 

Similar  maps  of  the  otffer  States  and  Territories  will  be 
issued  at  an  early  period ;  and  when  the  whole  series  is 
finished,  it  is  intended  that  it  shall  form  a  splendid 

NATIONAL  ATLAS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

which,  in  point  of  scale,  accuracy  of  information,  embellish- 
ment, and  general  finish,  will  be  superior  to  any  like  pub- 
lication that  has  ever  issued  from  the  press  of  either  Europe 
or  America. 

The  price  of  each  map,  when  handsomely  mounted, 
colored,  and  varnished,  is  $1  50 ;  and  when  put  up  in 
portable  cases,  $0  75. 


PUBLISHED    BY    J.    H.     COLTON.  17 

MAP  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  MEXICO, 

Compiled  from  official  and  other  authentic  sources :  to 
•which  is  appended  a  corner  map  of  the  States  of 
Central  America.  1  sheet.  Size,  42  by  32  inches* 

Price,  mounted,  $2  00 ;  in  cases,  $1  50. 


MAP  OF  THE   COUNTRY  12  MILES  AROUND 
THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK, 

With  the  names  of  property-holders,  &c.,  from  an  en- 
tirely new  and  accurate  survey.  By  J.  C.  Sidney. 
2  sheets.  Size,  40  by  40  inches. 

Price,  mounted  or  in  cases,  $3  00. 


WESTERN  PORTRAITURE; 

And  Emigrants'  Guide:  a  Description  of  Wisconsin, 
Illinois,  and  Iowa,  •with  Remarks  on  Minnesota  and 
other  Territories.  By  Daniel  S.  Cnrtiss.  In  1  vol. 
12mo.  pp.  360,  (illustrated  with  a  township  map.) 

Price,  $1  00. 

Actual  observation  and  great  experience  are  the  bases  of  this  work ; 
and  in  language  and  incident  it  has  much  to  interest.  It  treats  of  the 
"  Great  West,"  its  scenery,  its  wild  sports,  its  institutions  and  its  charac- 
teristics, material  and  economic.  In  that  portion  devoted  to  statistical 
illustration,  the  topography  of  sections  and  the  adaptation  of  localities 
to  particular  branches  of  industry  occupy  a  large  space :  the  geology, 
soil,  climate,  powers  and  productions  of  each  are  considered,  and  their 
allied  interests,  their  respective  values  and  destinies,  and  their  present 
conditions,  are  accurately  described. 


MAP  OF  NEW  ENGLAND, 

Or  the  Eastern  States:  together  with  portions  of  the 
State  of  New  York  and  of  the  British  Provinces  ad- 
jacent thereto.  4  sheets.  Size,  64  by  57  inches.  (In 
progress.) 


MAP  OF  THE  PROVINCES  OF  NEW  BRUNSWICK,  iMOVA 
SCOTIA,  AND  PRINCE  EDWARD'S  ISLAND, 

And  parts  of  the    country  adjacent  thereto.     1   sheet. 
Size,  32  by  29  inches.    (In  progress.) 

Price,  mounted,  $1  50;  in  cases,  $0  75. 


18    MAPS,  CHARTS,  BOOKS,  ETC. 

STATISTICAL  MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK, 

Comprising  all  the  principal  statistics  of  each  county — 
agricultural,  manufacturing,  commercial,  Arc.  By  R. 
S.  Fisher,  31.  D.,  author  of  the  "  Book  of  the  World," 
dec.  1  sheet.  Size,  32  by  26  inches.  Price,  $0  25. 

Useful  to  all  classes  of  our  citizens,  and  indispensable  for  the  informa- 
tion of  parties  engaged  in  the  construction  of  railroads  and  other  internal 
improvements,  speculators  in  land,  and  persons  designing  to  settle  in  any 
part  of  the  State.  All  the  material  interests  of  the  country  are  plainly 
indicated  in  figures  on  the  face  of  the  map,  or  in  the  tables  which  ac- 
company it. 


HORN'S  OVERLAND  GUIDE 
FROM  COUNCIL  BLUFFS  TO  CALIFORNIA, 

Containing  a  Table  of  Distances,  and  showing  all  the 
rivers,  lakes,  springs,  mountains,  camping  places,  and 
other  prominent  objects ;  frith  remarks  on  the  country, 
roads,  timbers,  grasses,  &c.,  &c.  Accompanied  by  a 
Map.  Price,  $0  50. 

CORDOVA'S  MAP  OF  TEXAS, 

Compiled  from  new  and  original  surreys.  4  sheets. 
Size,  36  by  34  inches. 

Price,  mounted,  $5  00 ;  in  cases,  $3  00. 

This  is  the  only  reliable  map  of  Texas,  and  being  on  a  large  scale, 
exhibits  minutely  and  with  distinctness  the  natural  features  of  the  State 
and  its  several  political  divisions.  The  following  government  officers 
certify  to  its  accuracy  and  completeness. 

"  We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  no  map  could  surpass  this  in 
accuracy  and  fidelity."          DAVID  S.  KAUFMAN,       THOS.  J.  RUSK, 
B.  PILSBURY,  SAM.  HOUSTON. 

u  I  certify  to  the  correctness  of  this  map,  it  being  the  only  one  extanl 
that  is  truly  correct"  JOHN  C.  HAYS. 


Besides  his  own  publications,  J.  H.  C.  has  constantly  on  hand 
a  large  assortment  of  Atlases  and  Foreign  Maps. 

Mounting  in  all  its  forms  carefully  executed  for  the  trade, 
public  institutions,  d'c. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA      000021  244  9 


